Abstract: The fabrication of ceria based electrolytes to densities greater than 97% of the theoretical achievable density at temperatures below 1200° C., preferably approximately 1000° C., is disclosed. The electrolyte has a concentration of divalent cations minus an adjusted concentration of trivalent cations of between 0.01 mole % and 0.1 mole %.

Abstract: The fabrication of ceria based electrolytes to densities greater than 97% of the theoretical achievable density at temperatures below 1200° C., preferably approximately 1000° C., is disclosed. The electrolyte has a concentration of divalent cations minus an adjusted concentration of trivalent cations of between 0.01 mole % and 0.1 mole %.

Abstract: An impermeable sintered ceramic electrolyte layer of a solid oxide fuel cell is formed by depositing ceramic powder on a substrate using electrophoretic deposition, isostatically pressing that deposited ceramic layer and then heating the compressed ceramic powder layer at temperatures below 1000° C. In preferred embodiments the ceramic thick film fuel cell assembly is formed upon a ferritic stainless steel substrate.

Abstract: The invention is a medical simulation system having a system computer, at least one output display device, at least one input device an instructor terminal and a mannequin. The invention includes scenarios that execute on the computer system and output simulated physiological values to the display devices. The invention includes a means to communicate between multiple executing scenarios to allow integration of the executing scenarios. The invention includes a control panel interface displayable on the instructor terminal to provide a user friendly input means for the instructor.

Abstract: A solid oxide fuel cell, comprising: a ferritic stainless steel substrate including a porous region and a non-porous region bounding the porous region; a ferritic stainless steel bi-polar plate located under one surface of the porous region of the substrate and being sealingly attached to the non-porous region of the substrate about the porous region thereof, a first electrode layer located over the other surface of the porous region of the substrate; an electrolyte layer located over the first electrode layer; and a second electrode layer located over the electrolyte layers.

Abstract: An impermeable sintered ceramic electrolyte layer of a solid oxide fuel cell is formed by depositing ceramic powder on a substrate using electrophoretic deposition, isostatically pressing that deposited ceramic layer and then heating the compressed ceramic powder layer at temperatures below 1000° C. In preferred embodiments the ceramic thick film fuel cell assembly is formed upon a ferritic stainless steel substrate.

Abstract: A solid oxide fuel cell, comprising: a ferritic stainless steel substrate including a porous region and a non-porous region bounding the porous region; a ferritic stainless steel bi-polar plate located under one surface of the porous region of the substrate and being sealingly attached to the non-porous region of the substrate about the porous region thereof; a first electrode layer located over the other surface of the porous region of the substrate; an electrolyte layer located over the first electrode layer; and a second electrode layer located over the electrolyte layer.

Abstract: Spectroscopic materials analysis wherein a sample under test is bombarded by electrons in a scanning electron microscope to produce an x-ray emission collected over a large solid angle by a polycapillary lens and focused onto the surface of a microcalorimeter detector. The x-ray lens is used to increase the effective collection area of the microcalorimeter detector used in an x-ray spectrometer. By increasing the collection angle, the time period for x-ray collection is reduced and the detector can be located farther from the x-ray source. The x-ray lens is effective over a broad energy range of x-rays, thus providing compatibility with spectroscopic analysis. The microcalorimeter can be calibrated to compensate for any variations in the transmission efficiency of the x-ray lens.