Abstract: This disclosure pertains to the use of black liquors from kraft pulp mills as a source of catalysts for the thermochemical conversion of organic matter feedstocks to bio oils.

Abstract: A card game whereby pre-programmed computer players play a discrete number of hands of said card game and then the range of results is recorded. Then, at least one human player is allowed to play the exact same number of hands of said card game that the computer players previously played. Then, the result of how the human player performed is compared to range of results of the computer players (for instance by comparing chip counts, points, winnings, etc.). The human player becomes eligible to be awarded prizes based upon how well said human player performed relative to how the computer player(s) performed.

Abstract: A method of conducting card, dice, or tile game tournaments that involve some element of chance or luck includes comparing the players with the same cards, dice results or tiles to one another to determine who played most skillfully, given the cards they were dealt. The tournament format is suitable for poker, blackjack, and other games, including, without limitation, backgammon, craps and roulette that involve some element of chance or luck.

Abstract: A method and system for admitting players to a gaming tournament, where applications for free passes for the gaming tournament are allowed, but which must be made before the end of a predetermined period of time before the gaming tournament. Admittance to the gaming tournament is opened at a predetermined period of time before the start of the gaming tournament to both paying participants and those with free passes on a first-come, first-served basis. The said gaming tournaments are preferably poker tournaments, slot machine tournaments, 21 tournaments, gin rummy tournaments, backgammon tournaments, other card-game tournaments, board game tournaments, electronic game tournaments, video game tournaments, casino game tournaments, etc.

Abstract: The invention relates to mounting of spool and sleeve valves within a housing by mounting the sleeve by a number of diaphragm members. A spool and sleeve valve having a housing of a plurality of juxtaposed tubular members is also disclosed. The diaphragm members are formed of a synthetic plastics material.

Abstract: The invention relates to mounting of spool and sleeve valves within a housing by mounting the sleeve by a number of diaphragm members. A spool and sleeve valve having a housing of a plurality of juxtaposed tubular members is also disclosed. The diaphragm members are formed of a synthetic plastics material.