Abstract: A method, computer program, and computer system is provided for fault detection in an electrical network. An inductance between a reference point and a fault is determined at a first time based on measuring a fault current. A resistance between the reference point and the fault may be determined at a second time based on measuring a differential of the fault current as zero. A location of the fault may be identified based on the inductance and the resistance.

Abstract: A method, computer program, and computer system is provided for fault detection in an electrical network. An inductance between a reference point and a fault is determined at a first time based on measuring a fault current. A resistance between the reference point and the fault may be determined at a second time based on measuring a differential of the fault current as zero. A location of the fault may be identified based on the inductance and the resistance.

Abstract: A redundant and diverse secondary control system mirrors a primary control system but has some fundamental structural difference as compared to the primary control system to prevent a spread of a security breach from the primary control system to the secondary control system. The secondary control system may operate on different hardware built on different software written with different programming language as compared to the primary control system while performing the same function as that of the primary system. By hardware coding the algorithm to produce actuation signals, software based viruses and worms cannot interfere with the secondary control system's operation. A monitor device receives actuation signals from both the primary and secondary controls signals to determine whether an error occurred and to provide correct actuation signals to the controlled system.

Abstract: A redundant and diverse secondary control system mirrors a primary control system but has some fundamental structural difference as compared to the primary control system to prevent a spread of a security breach from the primary control system to the secondary control system. The secondary control system may operate on different hardware built on different software written with different programming language as compared to the primary control system while performing the same function as that of the primary system. By hardware coding the algorithm to produce actuation signals, software based viruses and worms cannot interfere with the secondary control system's operation. A monitor device receives actuation signals from both the primary and secondary controls signals to determine whether an error occurred and to provide correct actuation signals to the controlled system.

Abstract: A distance from a measurement point to a fault in a three-phase circuit is determined. The measurement point is located at an output of a power sub-station and the three phase circuit has a loop circuit having an associated net fault line current and a ground current. A derivative of the net fault line current of the loop circuit as measured from the measurement point is calculated. An uncompensated distance to the sub-cycle fault using at least the derivative of the net fault current is determined, and configured, to compensate for the ground current of the loop circuit. The compensation is applied to the uncompensated distance to produce a compensated distance to the sub-cycle fault.

Abstract: Data associated with at least one building condition or status is sensed by one or more sensors. The data from these sensors may be sent over a data bus and received by the central computer. In addition, a modulated signal may be transmitted by one or both of the transmitters across the data bus. The modulated signal is received at the receiver, which analyzes the received modulated signal, and determines whether an intermittent fault has occurred on the data bus based upon the analyzing. For example, the receiver may compare the received signal to an expected pattern and when a discrepancy exists, an intermittent fault is determined to exist. The receiver may also determine the location of the fault based upon the analysis.

Abstract: Signals are transmitted from at least one transmitter that is positioned in an electrical network. The signals that have been transmitted are received a single receiver positioned within the electrical network. At the single receiver, the received signals are analyzed and a determination from the analyzing the received signals is made as to whether a fault has occurred in the electrical network and the approximate location of the fault.

Abstract: Data associated with at least one building condition or status is sensed by one or more sensors. The data from these sensors may be sent over a data bus and received by the central computer. In addition, a modulated signal may be transmitted by one or both of the transmitters across the data bus. The modulated signal is received at the receiver, which analyzes the received modulated signal, and determines whether an intermittent fault has occurred on the data bus based upon the analyzing. For example, the receiver may compare the received signal to an expected pattern and when a discrepancy exists, an intermittent fault is determined to exist. The receiver may also determine the location of the fault based upon the analysis.

Abstract: A signal is conducted from a controller module onto a network via a first coupling. The signal is transmitted across the network and received at one or more receiver modules via one or more second couplings. At the one or more receiver modules, the received signal is analyzed and based upon the analysis, a determination is made as to whether a fault has occurred in the network and/or where the occurrence occurred.

Abstract: Data associated with at least one building condition or status is sensed by one or more sensors. The data from these sensors may be sent over a data bus and received by the central computer. In addition, a modulated signal may be transmitted by one or both of the transmitters across the data bus. The modulated signal is received at the receiver, which analyzes the received modulated signal, and determines whether an intermittent fault has occurred on the data bus based upon the analyzing. For example, the receiver may compare the received signal to an expected pattern and when a discrepancy exists, an intermittent fault is determined to exist. The receiver may also determine the location of the fault based upon the analysis.

Abstract: A distance from a measurement point to a fault in a three-phase circuit is determined. The measurement point is located at an output of a power sub-station and the three phase circuit has a loop circuit having an associated net fault line current and a ground current. A derivative of the net fault line current of the loop circuit as measured from the measurement point is calculated. An uncompensated distance to the sub-cycle fault using at least the derivative of the net fault current is determined, and configured, to compensate for the ground current of the loop circuit. The compensation is applied to the uncompensated distance to produce a compensated distance to the sub-cycle fault.

Abstract: A lighting element is disposed in an array of lighting elements. At the lighting element, a lighting status of at least one neighboring lighting element is sensed. Independent of any other lighting element, a lighting adjustment for the lighting element by applying the sensed lighting status to a predetermined rule is determined. The lighting adjustment is applied to the lighting element to adjust an illumination of the lighting element.

Abstract: A lighting element is disposed in an array of lighting elements. At the lighting element, a lighting status of at least one neighboring lighting element is sensed. Independent of any other lighting element, a lighting adjustment for the lighting element by applying the sensed lighting status to a predetermined rule is determined. The lighting adjustment is applied to the lighting element to adjust an illumination of the lighting element.

Abstract: Signals are transmitted from at least one transmitter that is positioned in an electrical network. The signals that have been transmitted are received a single receiver positioned within the electrical network. At the single receiver, the received signals are analyzed and a determination from the analyzing the received signals is made as to whether a fault has occurred in the electrical network and the approximate location of the fault.

Abstract: Signals are transmitted from at least one transmitter that is positioned in an electrical network. The signals that have been transmitted are received by the at least one single receiver at a single receiver positioned within the electrical network. At the single receiver, the received signals are analyzed and a determination from the analyzing the received signals is made as to whether a fault has occurred in the electrical network.

Abstract: A cutting tool such as a miter saw, arranged to have an arrangement for selectively making and breaking power of a first circuit and an independent second second circuit each connected respectively to a first motor operating the cutting tool and to a second motor operating a dust suppressor such as a vacuum device. The arrangement enables the two circuits to serve the first and second motors in synchrony and to be operated by the switch of the cutting tool. The arrangement may comprise a relay adapted to energize and de-energize the second circuit. The second circuit may comprise one or more electrical receptacles enabling the second motor to operate under control of the switch after being plugged in to one of the receptacles. The cutting tool may comprise a receptacle which is hard wired to the first circuit. The cutting tool may incorporate a dynamic brake.

Abstract: A fault determination apparatus includes a housing. The housing includes a circuit board disposed there within. The housing is shaped and dimensioned for non-intrusive placement within an existing electrical system. The circuit board is configured to provide one of a transmitter or a receiver within a fault determination system. A first set of connectors is disposed at a first side of the housing and a second set of connectors disposed at the second end of the housing. The first set of connectors and the second set of connectors are directly connected through the wires provided inside the apparatus while at least one wires under fault monitoring are tapped to the circuit board and configured so as to be electrically coupled to the existing electrical system.

Abstract: Data associated with at least one building condition or status is sensed by one or more sensors. The data from these sensors may be sent over a data bus and received by the central computer. In addition, a modulated signal may be transmitted by one or both of the transmitters across the data bus. The modulated signal is received at the receiver, which analyzes the received modulated signal, and determines whether an intermittent fault has occurred on the data bus based upon the analyzing. For example, the receiver may compare the received signal to an expected pattern and when a discrepancy exists, an intermittent fault is determined to exist. The receiver may also determine the location of the fault based upon the analysis.

Abstract: Signals are transmitted from at least one transmitter that is positioned in an electrical network. The signals that have been transmitted are received by the at least one single receiver at a single receiver positioned within the electrical network. At the single receiver, the received signals are analyzed and a determination from the analyzing the received signals is made as to whether a fault has occurred in the electrical network.

Abstract: A signal is conducted from a controller module onto a network via a first coupling. The signal is transmitted across the network and received at one or more receiver modules via one or more second couplings. At the one or more receiver modules, the received signal is analyzed and based upon the analysis, a determination is made as to whether a fault has occurred in the network and/or where the occurrence occurred.