Abstract: Group 2A metal greases having a dropping point in excess of 650.degree. F. are produced by a manufacturing process in which water is carefully controlled in the process while conversion to grease is occurring. It is necessary to complete the reaction and dehydrate the reaction mixture before finish oils and additives are added in order to obtain a reproducible grease with a high drop point and a low penetration value.

Abstract: A stable extreme pressure grease comprising a base oil, a soap and an EP agent, in the preparation of which excess soap is provided for reaction with the EP agent whereby the thickening effect of the remaining soap in the grease is retained.

Abstract: In the desalting of crude oil, water-insoluble solids such as rust, iron sulfide, silt, clay, drilling mud components, etc., contained in the crude accumulate in an interfacial emulsion layer or cuff between the desalted crude and water phases. The major portion of this cuff is recycled to the crude feed and the remainder is mixed with a light diluent oil to break the emulsion and then settled to separate the crude and the water. The water-insoluble solids separate with the water. The separated oil phase may be combined with the desalted crude.

Abstract: An internally-fired vertical shaft kiln for calcining coke wherein a downwardly moving coke bed has a co-current preheat gas stream in the upper portion of the kiln and a counter-current combustion gas stream in the lower portion of the kiln. Both gases are removed at the midportion of the kiln. Combustion air is introduced to the kiln through an inclined grate at the bottom of the kiln which retains a layer of coke thereon for internal combustion. The calcined coke moves over the combusting coke layer on the grate and then through a passage to a cooling chamber where a gas stream is passed through the calcined coke for cooling. The gas stream heated in the cooling chamber can be used as the co-current gas preheat stream in the upper section of the kiln.

Abstract: Stable, pumpable slurry compositions of finely divided solid carbonaceous material in water are described. The composition includes a gelling agent to provide a supporting gel having a yield stress and a viscosity builder to reduce the bleeding of the supporting gel.