Abstract: Position control methods are described for satellites and spacecraft for controlling transition from thruster control to momentum wheel control in a three-axis stabilized spacecraft. Transition from a high-bandwidth, high-torque thruster-controlled stationkeeping (SK) mode to a low bandwidth, low torque momentum wheel On-Orbit Mode is carried out. Usually a unique threshold entry method to automatically initiate the transition mode at the point with the most favorable dynamics. Also, the disclosed method eliminates the use of nutation in conjunction with a deadbeat thruster sequence to correct the spacecraft attitude to improve pointing performance and significantly shorten the time spent in the transition mode.

Abstract: One-dimensional sun sensing and angle measurement assemblies are deployed with substantially totally overlapping fields of view on a plane of a spacecraft body to protect sensors within a protected angular area of the plane, each of the analog sun sensors generating a signal indicative of incident sun along one axis and the presence of sunlight along an orthogonal axis thereto in the common plane. The sensors together generate an indication of the orientation of the sun relative to a target field of view which is a protected area. In an alternative embodiment, a digital sun sensor assembly is provided consisting of two or more independent digital channels and employing a slit aperture cooperating with a plurality of photocells laid out in a gray coded pattern. The digital device produces digital signals indicating relative position relative to axes in a plane.