Abstract: Alkyl esters of 2-fluoro-1-methoxyethylcarbamic acid, which are useful intermediates in the preparation of compounds, such as 4-amino-5-fluoropentanoic acid, are prepared by the electrochemical anodic oxidation of esters of 2-fluoroethylcarbamic acid in the presence of methanol and an electrolyte.

Abstract: Alkyl esters of 2-fluoro-1-methoxyethylcarbamic acid, which are useful intermediates in the preparation of compounds, such as 4-amino-5- fluoropentanoic acid, are prepared by the electrochemical anodic oxidation of esters of 2-fluoroethylcarbamic acid in the presence of methanol and an electrolyte.

Abstract: Nickel alloy anodes are suitable for electrochemical cells that are used for the selective replacement of chlorine in organochlorine compounds with hydrogen and are resistant to corrosion. Electrochemical cells containing Hastalloy C-276 anodes and silver cathodes, for example, are used to convert tetrachloropicolinic acid to 3,6-dichloropicolinic acid.

Abstract: Nickel alloy anodes are suitable for electrochemical cells that are used for the selective replacement of chlorine in organochlorine compounds with hydrogen and are resistant to corrosion. Electrochemical cells containing Hastalloy C-276 anodes and silver cathodes, for example, are used to convert tetrachloropicolinic acid to 3,6-dichloropicolinic acid.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method of catalytically decomposing sodium hypochlorite in an aqueous alkaline solution to oxygen and chloride ion. Specifically, the present invention discloses a method of decomposing aqueous hypochlorite into oxygen and chloride in a solution having a pH value greater than 13 using a solid catalyst comprising nickel oxide, cobalt oxide or mixtures thereof on an inorganic support selected from magnesium oxide or titanium oxide. The resulting sodium chloride solution may be recovered and used further.

Abstract: Silver cathodes used in electrochemical synthesis are activated or reactivated after a period of use by immersion in a dilute alkaline aqueous solution of a compatible oxidizing agent. Thus, an expanded silver sheet cathode in an electrolytic cell used for the conversion of 3,4,5,6-tetrachloropicolinic acid to the herbicide 3,6-dichloropicolinic acid was reactivated by circulating an aqueous solution containing about 0.5 percent sodium hypochlorite and about 2 percent sodium hydroxide through the cell.

Abstract: A method for making an electrolyte permeable diaphragm, and the diaphragm thus produced, wherein an aqueous slurry, containing as its principal particulate ingredient a water-wettable, insert, micron-size, inorganic material, along with both polyfluoroethylene fibers and polyfluoroethylene dispersion, is drawn through a foraminous structure to form a diaphragm thereon.

Abstract: 2,3,5,6-Tetrachloropyridine is obtained in high selectivity and yield by the electrocatalytic reduction at a stainless steel cathode of pentachloropyridine in an aqueous acetonitrile solution containing zinc chloride. Chlorine or oxygen may be co-produced at the anode.

Abstract: Less co-dissolution of silver results when base metal-containing deposits on the surfaces of silver objects are dissolved off with sulphuric or phosphoric acid, rather than hydrochloric acid.

Abstract: A method to reduce corrosion of a metal conduit in an aqueous electrolyte conduit system including a nonmetallic conduit system physically attached to the metal conduit comprising impressing an electric potential between an electrode positioned at least partially within the nonmetallic conduit and a ground, the potential being at least about the difference between the electrochemical reaction potentials of reations occurring at the electrode and at the metal conduit.

Abstract: An electrical method to determine the suitability of a diaphragm for use in an electrolytic cell. The method comprises inserting the diaphragm between a primary anode and a primary cathode immersed in an electrolyte and then impressing a known direct current electromotive force between the electrodes. The change in electrical properties across the electrolyte resulting from insertion of the diaphragm is determined. Such change is indicative of the suitability of the diaphragm for use in an electrolytic cell and can be a measure of diaphragm uniformity.