Abstract: A method and related system of encoding or re-encoding video is disclosed. In the method, video data comprising a sequence of frames is received. For a respective frame in the sequence of frames, a multi-level frame is generated comprising the respective frame and a plurality of copies of the respective frame. Each copy has an associated video resolution level that is a member of a predefined range of video resolution levels, ranging from a highest video resolution level to a lowest video resolution level. The multi-level frame is encoded.

Abstract: A method of displaying video includes receiving a video bitstream corresponding to a video. The video comprises a sequence of frames having an associated video resolution level. At least a portion of the video bitstream is decoded. A background region of the video is displayed at a first video resolution level and a window region of the video is displayed at a second video resolution level. The second video resolution level is higher than the first video resolution level.

Abstract: A method provides video from a video data source comprising a sequence of multi-level frames. Each multi-level frame comprises multiple copies of a respective frame. Each copy has an associated video resolution or quality level that is a member of a predefined range of levels that range from a highest level to a lowest level. First video data corresponding to a first portion of a first copy of a respective frame and second video data corresponding to a second portion of a second copy of the respective frame are extracted from the video data source. The video resolution or quality level of the second copy is distinct from that of the first copy. The first and second video data are transmitted to a client device for display. The extracting and transmitting are repeated with respect to successive multi-level frames of the video data source.

Abstract: A method of displaying video includes receiving a video bitstream corresponding to a video. The video comprises a sequence of frames having an associated video resolution level. At least a portion of the video bitstream is decoded. A background region of the video is displayed at a first video resolution level and a window region of the video is displayed at a second video resolution level. The second video resolution level is higher than the first video resolution level.

Abstract: A method and related system of encoding or re-encoding video is disclosed. In the method, video data comprising a sequence of frames is received. For a respective frame in the sequence of frames, a multi-level frame is generated comprising the respective frame and a plurality of copies of the respective frame. Each copy has an associated video resolution level that is a member of a predefined range of video resolution levels, ranging from a highest video resolution level to a lowest video resolution level. The multi-level frame is encoded.

Abstract: An image process system tiles an image data array, processing the tiles in a predefined order. Each tile of image data is processed by applying a predefined family of transform layers to the tile of image data so as to generate successive sets of transform coefficients. Distinct groups of bit planes of the transform coefficients are stored in distinct bitstreams or distinct portions of a file.

Abstract: A stream of data is encoded by applying a multilevel transform to the stream of data, each level of the transform producing one or more transform coefficients for each block of a sequence of blocks in the stream of data. Encryption is applied to at least a subset of the transform coefficients produced by a least one level of the multilevel transform. Furthermore, at least one level of the multilevel transform is applied to the encrypted transform coefficients. The multilevel transform and encryption operations generate a result set of transform coefficients. The result set of transform coefficients may be encrypted, using a symmetric key encryption, to generate an output data stream that is then transmitted from a sending device to a receiving device. The encoding method may be performed in real time, producing the output data stream at a same rate as the stream of data is presented for encoding.

Abstract: An image file, which typically represents a palette-based image that has been encoded using a first predefined run-length based encoding method, is decoded to produce an image data array. The image data array is divided into blocks; either all the blocks or a majority of the blocks have a predefined fixed size. At least some of the blocks of the image are processed to produce a corresponding re-encoded block. In particular, each such block is processed by applying a plurality of distinct encodings to the block to produce an equal plurality of distinct re-encoded block versions. One of the plurality of distinct re-encoded block versions is selected in accordance with predefined selection criteria for use as the re-encoded block. Each re-encoded block is stored in a distinct data structure, such as a file.

Abstract: An image process system tiles an image data array, processing the tiles in a predefined order. Each tile of image data is processed by applying a predefined family of transform layers to the tile of image data so as to generate successive sets of transform coefficients. Each set of transform coefficients include edge coefficients positioned at outside boundaries of the set of transform coefficients and non-edge coefficients positioned at interior locations of the set of transform coefficients. The sets of transform coefficients include a last set of transform coefficients, produced by the last transform layer, and one or more earlier sets of transform coefficients.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for processing an image is described. In one embodiment, the method comprises: receiving a portion of an encoded version of a downsized image and one or more encoded residual images, decoding the portion of the encoded version of the downsized image to create a decoded portion of the downsized image, decoding a portion of at least one or more encoded residual images, enlarging the decoded portion of the portion of the downsized image, and combining the enlarged and decoded portion of the downsized image with a first decoded residual image to create a new image.

Abstract: A method for secure transmission of a data message locks, at the sender, the data message using a first lock. The locked data message is transmitted to the receiver. Next, the locked data message is double-locked, at the receiver, using a second lock. Then, this double-locked data message is transmitted back to the sender. The first lock of the double-locked data message is then unlocked, at the sender, using a first key, leaving the data message single-locked by the second lock. The single-locked data message is transmitted back to the receiver, where the second lock of the single-locked data message is unlocked, using a second key, to generate the data message, completing the secure transmission.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for creating a background or foreground image at different resolutions with a scalable graphic thereon is described. In one embodiment, the method comprises selecting a version of an image for display with a scalable graphic. The version of the image is at one of a plurality of resolutions. The method also includes generating the version of the image from a first image bitstream from which versions of the image at two or more of the plurality of resolutions could be generated. One of the versions is generated using a first portion of the first image bitstream and a second of the versions is generated using the first portion of the first image bitstream and a second portion of the first image bitstream.

Abstract: An image is divided into nonoverlapping tiles, and the tiles are processed in a predefined order. Each tile is processed by applying a predefined family of transform layers to the tile so as to generate successive sets of transform coefficients. The sets of transform coefficients correspond to spatial frequency subbands of the image. The subbands are grouped in accordance with the transform layer that generated them. For one or more respective groups of subbands one or more parameters are generated whose value is indicative of the density of image features in the tile. The tile is classified in accordance with the values of the one or more parameters. Based on the classification, a set of quantization factors for the tile are selected, and then the transform coefficients of the tile are scaled by the selected set of quantization factors to as to generate a set of quantized transform coefficients.

Abstract: Two classes of new chaotic maps are introduced in this invention for real-time encryption of digital images: A first method that utilizes a parametric family of 2×2 generalized chaotic cat maps for shuffling the spatial positions together with Chen's chaotic map for key generation. This is a line-based system that enables real-time encryption, in that image encryption is performed line by line while the image is being scanned. Off-line or parallel processing in pixel shuffling and key generation facilitates real-time applications. In this first method, gray values of the image pixels are treated by a diffusion technique. A second method utilizes an extended parametric family of 3×3 generalized chaotic cat maps for both pixel-positions and gray-values shuffling. For the two proposed new methods, reversible (i.e., lossless) compression algorithms are integrated as an option of the cryptosystem.

Abstract: A wavelet transform system and an inverse wavelet transform system are disclosed that respectively implement a wavelet transform and an inverse wavelet transform. Semi-orthogonal standard wavelets are used as the basic wavelets in the wavelet transform and the inverse wavelet transform. As a result, two finite sequences of decomposition coefficients are used for decomposition in the wavelet transform. Furthermore, two finite sequences of reconstruction coefficients that are derived from the two finite sequences of decomposition coefficients are used for reconstruction in the inverse wavelet transform. The finite sequences of decomposition and reconstruction coefficients are not infinite sequences of coefficients that have been truncated. Furthermore, in one embodiment, downsampling is not used in the wavelet transform and upsampling is not used in the inverse wavelet transform.

Abstract: An image process system tiles an image data array, processing the tiles in a predefined order. Each tile of image data is processed by applying a predefined family of transform layers to the tile of image data so as to generate successive sets of transform coefficients. Each set of transform coefficients include edge coefficients positioned at outside boundaries of the set of transform coefficients and non-edge coefficients positioned at interior locations of the set of transform coefficients. The sets of transform coefficients include a last set of transform coefficients, produced by the last transform layer, and one or more earlier sets of transform coefficients.

Abstract: A system and method for encoding a two dimensional array of data utilizes a library having entries corresponding to a set of predefined two dimensional adaptive spline wavelet waveforms. Each predefined two dimensional adaptive spline wavelet waveform is formed by the superposition of one or more B-splines. The data encoding method identifies a set of best matches between the array of data and the predefined two dimensional adaptive spline wavelet waveforms by generating the inner product of the array of data and each of the predefined two dimensional adaptive spline wavelet waveforms. Each inner product is generated by FIR filtering the data with a corresponding set of FIR filter coefficients, and then determining which of the inner products have largest values. Once a set of best matches has been found, the data encoding method generates data representing the identified set of best matches.

Abstract: A stream of data is encoded by applying a multilevel transform to the stream of data, each level of the transform producing one or more transform coefficients for each block of a sequence of blocks in the stream of data. Encryption is applied to at least a subset of the transform coefficients produced by a least one level of the multilevel transform. Furthermore, at least one level of the multilevel transform is applied to the encrypted transform coefficients. The multilevel transform and encryption operations generate a result set of transform coefficients. The result set of transform coefficients may be encrypted, using a symmetric key encryption, to generate an output data stream that is then transmitted from a sending device to a receiving device. The encoding method may be performed in real time, producing the output data stream at a same rate as the stream of data is presented for encoding.

Abstract: A method for secure transmission of a data message locks, at the sender, the data message using a first lock. The locked data message is transmitted to the receiver. Next, the locked data message is double-locked, at the receiver, using a second lock. Then, this double-locked data message is transmitted back to the sender. The first lock of the double-locked data message is then unlocked, at the sender, using a first key, leaving the data message single-locked by the second lock. The single-locked data message is transmitted back to the receiver, where the second lock of the single-locked data message is unlocked, using a second key, to generate the data message, completing the secure transmission.

Abstract: An image processing system tiles an image data array. Each tile of image data is processed by applying a family of transform layers to the tile of image data so as to generate successive sets of transform coefficients. Each set of transform coefficients include edge coefficients positioned at outside boundaries of the set of transform coefficients and non-edge coefficients positioned at interior locations of the set of transform coefficients. The transform filters include a short edge transform filter that is applied to image data at boundaries of the tile and to coefficients positioned at and near boundaries of each of the earlier sets of transform coefficients so as to generate the edge coefficients, and a long interior filter that is applied to image data at interior locations of the tile and to coefficients at interior locations of the earlier sets of transform coefficients so as to generate the non-edge coefficients.