Abstract: A system (10) and a method for determining a maximum miming speed (MRS) of a runner include a memory unit (32) (MU) with miming determinants (30) (RDs) of the runner and venue stored therein. A processor unit (22) (PU), connected to the memory unit (32) (MU), runs a predictive algorithm (24) (PA) using the running 5 determinants (30) (RDs) to determine the maximum running speed of the runner by zeroing a linear momentum balance and an angular momentum balance of the runner, typically over at least a half-running cycle (HRC). An output unit (34) (OU), connected to the processor unit (22) (PU), receives the determined maximum running speed therefrom. The zeroing also allows the determination of a critical 10 ground impulse ratio (Rcr) of the runner.

Abstract: A wheel chock (40) has a profile that provides maximum restraining capacity when the wheel (22) is completely supported thereby, by mitigating undesirable failure modes while promoting the safest failure mode of operation, slipping on ground (30). The profile includes a generally flat bottom surface (46) for being in contact with a ground surface (30), a substantially broken top surface (44) for being in contact with the wheel (22), the top surface (44) including a first contact point (P1), a second contact point (P2), and a contact surface (52) there between allowing at most two points of contact at a time between the contact surface (52) and the wheel (22), with the second contact point (P2) being one of the two points of contact. A more specific clothoid profile of the contact surface (52) is preferred to minimize the rate of variation of the contact force of the wheel (22) with the chock (40).

Abstract: A wheel chock (40) has a profile that provides maximum restraining capacity when the wheel (22) is completely supported thereby, by mitigating undesirable failure modes while promoting the safest failure mode of operation, slipping on ground (30). The profile includes a generally flat bottom surface (46) for being in contact with a ground surface (30), a substantially broken top surface (44) for being in contact with the wheel (22), the top surface (44) including a first contact point (P1), a second contact point (P2), and a contact surface (52) there between allowing at most two points of contact at a time between the contact surface (52) and the wheel (22), with the second contact point (P2) being one of the two points of contact. A more specific clothoid profile of the contact surface (52) is preferred to minimize the rate of variation of the contact force of the wheel (22) with the chock (40).