Abstract: The present disclosure provides isolated and synthetic DNA and cDNA molecules encoding a phytase from the root of Pteris vittata (PV); root PV phytase proteins and peptides; root PV phytase antisense molecules, vectors, transgenic cells and plants containing root PV phytase nucleic acid molecules, isolated polypeptides, or antisense molecules; genetic markers for root PV phytase; and methods of using these nucleic acid or polypeptide molecules to improve phosphorus utilization from phytate by plants and animals.

Abstract: The subject invention pertains to materials and methods for protecting plants and plant organelles, such as chloroplasts, during thermal (heat and cold) stress, and other forms of environmental stress such as water and salt stress. In one embodiment, a plant is transformed with a polynucleotide that encodes a protein that produces, catalyzes the synthesis of or results in the production of maltose or a maltose alcohol. In an exemplified embodiment, the polynucleotide encodes a &bgr;-amylase enzyme that is localized at the chloroplast. The subject invention also concerns plants and plant tissue transformed with a polynucleotide that encodes a protein that produces or results in the production of maltose or a maltose alcohol.

Abstract: Described are proteins having molecular weights of 85 and 160 kDa, which proteins are responsive to cold acclimation or drought stress in plants. The cDNA for the 85 and 160 kDa proteins, designated CAP85 and CAP160, are disclosed. Transgenic cells, including microorganisms and plants, can be produced which express the CAP85 and CAP160 proteins and thereby advantageously enhance the cold or water stress tolerance in the transgenic organism. Freeze and desiccation damage can also be prevented by applying a cold acclimation protein to the organism needing such protection.