Abstract: A trace component dispensing system where a trace fluid in fluid is introduced into a carrier fluid by use of a controlling permeation member where the carrier fluid and trace fluid are continuously flowing and the trace fluid is transferred on at a selected permeation rate to the carrier fluid. In another aspect, tracer fluid dispenser capable of outputting a fixed rate of flow is utilized to input to a fluid in a fixed volume container for a predetermined period of time to establish a desired concentration of the trace fluid in the fixed volume container where the desired concentration is a function of the fixed rate of flow and the fixed volume container.

Abstract: A trace component dispensing system where a permeand in a container is exposed to an elongated permeation member in the container where the permeation member has a bore sized to control the rate of permeate flow. For low pressure application a tubing is inserted into the bore to pass carrier gas across the surface of the bore and to intermix with permeate. Fluids can be input to the container to block impurities from the permeate gas. The effective surface area can be controlled to control the rate of permeate flow.

Abstract: Apparatus for indicating the concentration of a particular constituent in a fluid including a sensing device for sensing the concentration of a particular constituent in a fluid and for providing a response; and an electronic device including a differentiating circuit for differentiating an electrical input signal which is proportional to the sensing response for providing a substantially constant output signal which is a measure of the sensing response differentiated with respect to time, which output signal is an indication of the concentration of the constituent in the fluid. The sensing device is operated during a sampling period in which the reaction of such constituent to the sensing device is linear.

Abstract: A method of testing an analyzer to determine the accuracy thereof and a volumetric primary standard apparatus for doing same, the method of which includes flowing a carrier gas stream at a known flow rate, periodically injecting a measured quantity of sample gas at a selected interval into the carrier gas stream, homeogeneously mixing the carrier gas and the sample gas therewith in a mixing chamber for providing a homogeneous mixture of sample gas and carrier gas and thereafter flowing the homogeneous mixture into an analyzer whose accuracy is to be tested.