Abstract: Compounds selected from the group consisting of urea, urea homologues and analogues, and mixtures thereof are employed to synergistically increase the dewaxing efficacy of aqueous, carbon disulfide precursor (e.g., thiocarbonate)-containing solutions.

Abstract: A catalytic chemical reactor of a sandwiched configuration is described. The reactor has at least one plate with a major surface and two minor ends opposite one another across the major surface. A plurality of reaction chambers are present in the plate, parallel to one another and the major surface, extending from one of the minor ends to the other. The reactor additionally comprises at least one heating panel adjacent and parallel to the flat plate. The plates may be configured in modular pairs with a heating panel in between each pair. The reactor is particularly adapted to produce organic chemicals, such as acrolein, in significant, but moderate quantities. Additionally, the reactor is of such a size that it is readily portable. Unusually, the reactor plates, or at least their inner surfaces, may be made from materials such as aluminum, tantalum, titanium, tungsten, niobium and mixtures thereof.

Abstract: A paint composition containing an inorganic pigment dispersed in an extended polymer composition is provided. The extended polymer composition which exhibits little or no loss of desirable physical properties contains a polymer having certain functional groups attached to the backbone and a chalcogenide of a certain formula, such as urea.

Abstract: Extended polymer compositions are provided which comprise polymers containing pendant functional groups of the formula: ##STR1## extended, i.e. admixed with a chalcogenide having the empirical formula ##STR2## wherein R.sub.1 is a divalent organic radical at least 3 atoms in length, X is organoacyl or cyano, A is a chalcogen, each of R.sub.9 and R.sub.10 is independently selected from hydrogen, NR.sub.11 R.sub.12, NR.sub.13 and monovalent organic radicals, at least one of R.sub.9 and R.sub.10 being NR.sub.11 R.sub.12 or NR.sub.13, each of R.sub.11 and R.sub.12 is independently selected from hydrogen and monovalent organic radicals, and R.sub.13 is a divalent organic radical. These compositions can be extended with significant proportions of the described chalcogenides with corresponding reductions in polymer concentration without significant loss of physical properties. The resulting combinations are particularly useful as binders and coatings.

Abstract: Extended polymer compositions are provided which comprise polymers containing pendant functional groups of the formula: ##STR1## extended, i.e. admixed with a chalcogenide having the empirical formula ##STR2## wherein R.sub.1 is a divalent organic radical at least 3 atoms in length, X is organoacyl or cyano, A is a chalcogen, each of R.sub.9 and R.sub.10 is independently selected from hydrogen, NR.sub.11 R.sub.12, NR.sub.13 and monovalent organic radicals, at least one of R.sub.9 and R.sub.10 being NR.sub.11 R.sub.12 or NR.sub.13, each of R.sub.11 and R.sub.12 is independently selected from hydrogen and monovalent organic radicals, and R.sub.13 is a divalent organic radical. These compositions can be extended with significant proportions of the described chalcogenides with corresponding reductions in polymer concentration without significant loss of physical properties. The resulting combinations are particularly useful as binders and coatings.

Abstract: A catalyst support for use in promoting oxidation reactions composed of metal particles is described. The metal particles are selected from the group of aluminum, tantalum, titanium, tungsten, niobium and mixtures thereof, where aluminum is preferred. The metal particles may have a rough diameter of from 0.02 to 10 mm. The particles may be in the form of spheres, shavings, irregular granules and the like. When the catalyst support is to be used in a tubular reactor, the ratio of the diameter of the reactor to the diameter of the catalyst may range from 1.1 to 200:1. The metal catalyst supports are inert in the reaction and give excellent uniformity in heat distribution throughout the catalyst bed. In oxidation reactions, the catalyst support may bear a metal oxide catalyst to give good results. The particulate catalyst support bearing the active catalyst may also be compressed to inhibit channelling and to help provide higher yield to the desired product.

Abstract: Extended polymer compositions are provided which comprise polymers containing pendant functional groups of the formula: ##STR1## extended, i.e. admixed with a chalcogenide having the empirical formula ##STR2## wherein R.sub.1 is a divalent organic radical at least 3 atoms in length, X is organoacyl or cyano, A is a chalcogen, each of R.sub.9 and R.sub.10 is independently selected from hydrogen, NR.sub.11 R.sub.12, NR.sub.13 and monovalent organic radicals, at least one of R.sub.9 and R.sub.10 being NR.sub.11 R.sub.12 or NR.sub.13, each of R.sub.11 and R.sub.12 is independently selected from hydrogen and monovalent organic radicals, and R.sub.13 is a divalent organic radical. These compositions can be extended with significant proportions of the described chalcogenides with corresponding reductions in polymer concentration without significant loss of physical properties. The resulting combinations are particularly useful as binders and coatings.

Abstract: Corrosion inhibiting properties in surface coating compositions are increased by admixing a sol or gel containing salt with a polymer and usually a surface coating paste stock. A novel surface coating composition containing a polymer and salt homogeneously distributed in the composition is prepared from the sol or gel and has increased corrosion-inhibiting properties compared to a composition without the admixed sol or gel.

Abstract: An electrically conductive polymer composition containing a nonconjugated polymer and a salt is prepared by admixing a sol or gel composition containing the salt with a polymer. A novel sol or gel composition containing a nonionic surfactant stabilizer is useful for preparing the electrically conductive composition. An intermediate mixture of salt, stabilizer and solvent are heated to prepare a sol or gel which is typically admixed with a latex to produce a product admixture containing the salt and a latex polymer. The product admixture is dried to produce a resultant latex polymer/salt composition having electrically conductive properties useful, as for example, as an antistatic carpet coating.

Abstract: Gloss in surface coating compositions is increased by admixing a sol or gel containing salt with a polymer and a surface coating paste stock. A novel surface coating composition containing a polymer and salt homogeneously distributed in the composition is prepared from the sol or gel and has increased specular gloss compared to a composition without the admixed sol or gel.

Abstract: An electrically conductive polymer composition containing a nonconjugated polymer and a salt is prepared by admixing a sol or gel composition containing the salt with a polymer. A novel sol or gel composition containing a nonionic surfactant stabilizer is useful for preparing the electrically conductive composition. An intermediate mixture of salt, stabilizer and solvent are heated to prepare a sol or gel which is typically admixed with a latex to produce a product admixture containing the salt and a latex polymer. The product admixture is dried to produce a resultant latex polymer/salt composition having electrically conductive properties useful, as for example, as an antistatic carpet coating.

Abstract: A textile composition contains a textile material with a salt suffused therein. The composition is prepared by treating a textile material with a sol or gel composition containing a salt. The sol or gel composition is usually admixed with a polymer and the treated textile material (often carpeting) has an antistatic property.

Abstract: Corrosion inhibiting properties in surface coating compositions are increased by admixing a sol or gel containing salt with a polymer and usually a surface coating paste stock. A novel surface coating composition containing a polymer and salt homogeneously distributed in the composition is prepared from the sol or gel and has increased corrosion-inhibiting properties compared to a composition without the admixed sol or gel.

Abstract: Tannin block properties in surface coating compositions are increased by admixing a sol or gel containing one or more salts with a polymer and a surface coating paste stock. A novel surface coating composition containing a polymer and salt homogeneously distributed in the composition is prepared from the sol or gel and has increased tannin block properties compared to a composition without the admixed sol or gel.

Abstract: Corrosion inhibiting properties in surface coating compositions are increased by admixing a sol or gel containing salt with a polymer and usually a surface coating paste stock. A novel surface coating composition containing a polymer and salt homogeneously distributed in the composition is prepared from the sol or gel and has increased corrosion-inhibiting properties compared to a composition without the admixed sol or gel.

Abstract: An electrically conductive polymer composition containing a nonconjugated polymer and a salt is prepared by admixing a sol or gel composition containing the salt with a polymer. A novel sol or gel composition containing a nonionic surfactant stabilizer is useful for preparing the electrically conductive composition. An intermediate mixture of salt, stabilizer and solvent are heated to prepare a sol or gel which is typically admixed with a latex to produce a product admixture containing the salt and a latex polymer. The product admixture is dried to produce a resultant latex polymer/salt composition having electrically conductive properties useful, as for example, as an antistatic carpet coating.

Abstract: Free metals are electrolessly deposited in the presence of a latex of a polymer. Sols or gels containing metal-containing ions are mixed with a latex and the resulting sol/latex subsequently contacted with a reducing agent. The presence of the reducing agent with the latex at appropriate deposition conditions converts the metallic ions to free metal. The free metal is deposited in the form of a surface coating composition onto substrates for such purposes as decoration of substrates and electrically conductive coatings.

Abstract: Dilute solutions of acrolein are produced on site and on demand by oxidizing propylene in an improved reactor using an improved catalyst, which is a mixture of molybdenum, bismuth and tellurium oxides. The catalyst is deposited on metal particles, which are of a metal selected from the group consisting of aluminum, tantalum, titanium, tungsten, niobium and mixtures thereof, and are packed to form a catalyst bed which provides improved heat transfer and distribution for better control of the process. The reaction is conducted in a reactor in which all the exposed surfaces are made of a metal selected from the group just mentioned. The produced acrolein is absorbed to form a dilute solution of acrolein in a liquid to be treated, such as irrigation water for weed control, or control of hydrogen sulfide in water used for oil and gas field water floods, or in fuel oil to inhibit growth of organisms.

Abstract: The effectiveness of secondary and tertiary methods for recovering petroleum from a petroleum-bearing formations is enhanced by introducing into said formation a safe form of carbon disulfide comprising one or more salts of tri- and tetrathiocarbonic acid.

Abstract: Extended polymer compositions are provided which comprise polymers containing pendant functional groups of the formula: ##STR1## extended, i.e. admixed with a chalcogenide having the empirical formula ##STR2## wherein R.sub.1 is a divalent organic radical at least 3 atoms in length, X is organoacyl or cyano, A is a chalcogen, each of R.sub.9 and R.sub.10 is independently selected from hydrogen, NR.sub.11 R.sub.12, NR.sub.13 and monovalent organic radicals, at least one of R.sub.9 and R.sub.10 being NR.sub.11 R.sub.12 or NR.sub.13, each of R.sub.11 and R.sub.12 is independently selected from hydrogen and monovalent organic radicals, and R.sub.13 is a divalent organic radical. These compositions can be extended with significant proportions of the described chalcogenides with corresponding reductions in polymer concentration without significant loss of physical properties. The resulting combinations are particularly useful as binders and coatings.