Abstract: A solvent that reversibly converts from a nonionic liquid mixture to an ionic liquid upon contact with a selected trigger, e.g., contact with CO2, is described. In preferred embodiments, the ionic solvent is readily converted back to the nonionic liquid mixture. The nonionic liquid mixture includes an amidine or guanidine or both, and water, alcohol, or a combination thereof. Single component amine solvents that reversibly convert between ionic and non-ionic states are also described. Some embodiments require increased pressure to convert; others convert at 1 atmosphere.

Abstract: A novel stereochemical mixture of 1,6-diaryl-2,5-diaminohexanes, such as a mixture of stereoisomers of 1,6-diphenylhexane-2,5-diamine, is described. Also described are methods of preparing stereochemically pure 1,6-diaryl-2,5-diaminohexanes, and particularly stereochemically pure 1,6-diphenyl-2,5-diaminohexane. Also described is the use of both the mixture of stereoisomers and the individual stereoisomers.

Abstract: A solvent that reversibly converts from a nonionic liquid mixture to an ionic liquid upon contact with a selected trigger, e.g., contact with CO2, is described. In preferred embodiments, the ionic solvent is readily converted back to the nonionic liquid mixture. The nonionic liquid mixture includes an amidine or guanidine or both, and water, alcohol, or a combination thereof. Single component amine solvents that reversibly convert between ionic and non-ionic states are also described. Some embodiments require increased pressure to convert; others convert at 1 atmosphere.

Abstract: A solvent that reversibly converts from a nonionic liquid mixture to an ionic liquid upon contact with a selected trigger, e.g., contact with CO2, is described. In preferred embodiments, the ionic solvent is readily converted back to the nonionic liquid mixture. The nonionic liquid mixture includes an amidine or guanidine or both, and water, alcohol, or a combination thereof. Single component amine solvents that reversibly convert between ionic and non-ionic states are also described. Some embodiments require increased pressure to convert; others convert at 1 atmosphere.

Abstract: The embodiments described herein provide a reduction of an aldehyde or a ketone, such as a Meerwein-Ponnorf-Verley (MPV) reaction of an aldehyde or ketone. In some embodiments, the reaction occurs in the presence of Al[OC(CH3)3]. In some embodiments, the reaction occurs in the presence of an aprotic solvent. In some embodiments, the aldehyde or ketone is an amino aldehyde or an amino ketone wherein the amine is group is protected such that the nitrogen of the amine has no proton. Other embodiments related to compositions and compounds related to the reduction reaction, or to the preparation or use of the aldehyde, the ketone, or the resulting alcohol.

Abstract: A solvent that reversibly converts from a nonionic liquid mixture to an ionic liquid upon contact with a selected trigger, e.g., contact with CO2, is described. In preferred embodiments, the ionic solvent is readily converted back to the nonionic liquid mixture. The nonionic liquid mixture includes an amidine or guanidine or both, and water, alcohol, or a combination thereof. Single component amine solvents that reversibly convert between ionic and non-ionic states are also described. Some embodiments require increased pressure to convert; others convert at 1 atmosphere.

Abstract: A solvent that reversibly converts from a nonionic liquid mixture to an ionic liquid upon contact with a selected trigger, e.g., contact with CO2, is described. In preferred embodiments, the ionic solvent is readily converted back to the nonionic liquid mixture. The nonionic liquid mixture includes an amidine or guanidine or both, and water, alcohol, or a combination thereof. Single component amine solvents that reversibly convert between ionic and non-ionic states are also described. Some embodiments require increased pressure to convert; others convert at 1 atmosphere.

Abstract: Methods of enhancing the solubility of a fluorinated compound in an organic solvent are provided. In one embodiment, carbon dioxide gas pressure is applied to the solvent at a pressure effective to enhance the solubility of the fluorinated compound. The method may further include recrystallizing the fluorinated compound by reducing the pressure of the carbon dioxide gas. Also provided are methods of conducting a reaction using a fluorinated compound in an organic solvent. In one embodiment, the method comprises applying carbon dioxide pressure to an organic solvent comprising at least one substrate and a fluorinated catalyst, in an effective amount to solubilize the catalyst; and permitting the fluorinated catalyst to catalyze the reaction of the substrate to form a product. The catalyst is optionally separated from the reaction product and solvent after the reaction by the release of the pressure.

Abstract: A method treats an article and more specifically an aircraft surface in order to prevent icing and to provide a coating that emits very low volatile organic compounds (VOC) during application and setting. Icing on critical aircraft surfaces creates dangerous conditions that impair the stability of the aircraft. The specific areas are referred to as “cold-soak” conditions and some areas on the “leading edges” of the wings. The invention eliminates icing on these surfaces. Ice will not form on the surface of certain polymer coatings with low surface energy such as Teflon. This is a consequence of the high contact angle between the water droplet and the surface that establishes a non-wetting surface. The invention implements such coatings and a deposition process. The coating may be used for other objects such as automobiles, consumer products, such as refrigerators, stoves, etc.

Abstract: A process for the production of an epoxide and/or its corresponding vicinal diol by a reaction of an olefinic compound with hydrogen peroxide, wherein the reaction is performed in the presence of a carbon dioxide phase at a temperature and a pressure above the critical point of carbon dioxide.

Abstract: The present invention relates to reaction mixtures and processes which employ an .omega.-phase catalyst for carrying out displacement reactions at a substantially enhanced rate.

Abstract: Incorporation of 0.6-5.0 weight percent of certain ethylene oxide/propylene oxide copolymers into polyacetal molding compositions results in improved hydrolytic stability of such compositions.

Abstract: Novel purine compounds substituted with either fluorine or trimethylammonium are useful as adhesives or continuous and non-continuous coatings and are prepared by a novel process.