Abstract: Doped halide scintillator materials of the formulas A2B1-iX4:Di, AB1-iX2:Di, A1-iX:Di, and A3B1-iX5:Di, wherein A is one or more monovalent cations (e.g., Tl, In, Li, Na, K, Rb, or Cs); B is one or more divalent cations (e.g., Be, Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, Zn, Cd, and Hg), X is one or more halide, and D is one or more transition or post-transition metal dopant ions (e.g., Zn, Cd, Hg, Cu, Mn, and Ga) are described. Also described are non-doped halide scintillator materials of the formula A3BX5, related radiation detectors, methods of detecting high energy radiation, and methods of preparing the scintillator materials.

Abstract: Codoped lutetium-based oxyorthosilicate scintillators (e.g., lutetium oxyorthosilicase (LSO) and lutetium-ytrrium oxyorthosilicate (LYSO) scintillators) codoped with transition metal ions (e.g., Cu2+) are described. The codoping can alter one or more optical and/or scintillation property of the scintillator material. For example, the codoping can increase scintillation light yield and/or decrease scintillation decay time. Radiation detectors comprising the scintillators, methods of detecting high energy radiation using the radiation detectors, and methods of altering one or more scintillation and/or optical properties of a lutetium-based oxyorthosilicate scintillator are also described.

Abstract: A method of tailoring the properties of garnet-type scintillators to meet the particular needs of different applications is described. More particularly, codoping scintillators, such as Gd3Ga3Al2O12, Gd3Ga2Al3O12, or other rare earth gallium aluminum garnets, with different ions can modify the scintillation light yield, decay time, rise time, energy resolution, proportionality, and/or sensitivity to light exposure. Also provided are the codoped garnet-type scintillators themselves, radiation detectors and related devices comprising the codoped garnet-type scintillators, and methods of using the radiation detectors to detect gamma rays, X-rays, cosmic rays, and particles having an energy of 1 keV or greater.

Abstract: Codoped lutetium-based oxyorthosilicate scintillators (e.g., lutetium oxyorthosilicase (LSO) and lutetium-ytrrium oxyorthosilicate (LYSO) scintillators) codoped with transition metal ions (e.g., Cu2+) are described. The codoping can alter one or more optical and/or scintillation property of the scintillator material. For example, the codoping can increase scintillation light yield and/or decrease scintillation decay time. Radiation detectors comprising the scintillators, methods of detecting high energy radiation using the radiation detectors, and methods of altering one or more scintillation and/or optical properties of a lutetium-based oxyorthosilicate scintillator are also described.

Abstract: Eutectic lithium chloride-cerium chloride (LiCl—CeCl3) compositions are described. An exemplary eutectic composition has about 75 mole % LiCl and about 25 mole % CeCl3. The eutectic compositions can have optical and/or scintillation properties. Also described are methods of preparing the eutectic compositions as well as methods of using radiation detectors including the eutectic compositions in the detection of radiation, including thermal neutrons.

Abstract: Inorganic halides (e.g., inorganic halide scintillators) of the general formula A3B2X9, including inorganic halides comprising thallium monovalent cations and/or combinations of different halides, are described. Radiation detectors including the inorganic halide scintillators and methods of using the detectors to detect high energy radiation are also described. In some cases, the scintillators can include a gadolinium cation, a boron cation, a lithium cation, a chloride ion, or combinations thereof and the scintillator can be used to detect neutrons.

Abstract: Ternary transition metal halides are described herein. The ternary transition metal halides may be used as scintillator materials.

Abstract: Codoped rare earth garnet-type oxide scintillators are described. More particularly, the scintillators include lutetium yttrium aluminum garnet (LuYAG)-type materials that are doped with an activator, such as praseodymium, and codoped with a monovalent cation, such as lithium. Radiation detectors comprising the scintillators, methods of detecting higher energy radiation using the scintillators, and methods of preparing the scintillators and altering scintillator properties are also described.

Abstract: Eutectic lithium chloride-cerium chloride (LiCl—CeCl3) compositions are described. An exemplary eutectic composition has about 75 mole % LiCl and about 25 mole % CeCl3. The eutectic compositions can have optical and/or scintillation properties. Also described are methods of preparing the eutectic compositions as well as methods of using radiation detectors including the eutectic compositions in the detection of radiation, including thermal neutrons.

Abstract: Inorganic halides (e.g., inorganic halide scintillators) of the general formula A3B2X9, including inorganic halides comprising thallium monovalent cations and/or combinations of different halides, are described. Radiation detectors including the inorganic halide scintillators and methods of using the detectors to detect high energy radiation are also described. In some cases, the scintillators can include a gadolinium cation, a boron cation, a lithium cation, a chloride ion, or combinations thereof and the scintillator can be used to detect neutrons.

Abstract: Mixed halide scintillation materials of the general formula AB(1?y)MyX?wX?(3?w), where 0?y?1, 0.05?w?1, A may be an alkali metal, B may be an alkali earth metal, and X? and X? may be two different halogen atoms, and of the general formula A(1?y)BMyX?wX?(3?w), where 0?y?1, 0.05?w?1, A maybe an alkali metal, B may be an alkali earth metal, and X? and X? are two different halogen atoms. The scintillation materials of formula (1) include a divalent external activator, M, such as Eu2+ or Yb2+. The scintillation materials of formula (2) include a monovalent external activator, M, such as Tl+, Na+ and In+.

Abstract: Example embodiments of a radiation detection system including a detector is described. The detector can include a scintillator, a sensor, and a light source. The radiation detection system can further include a controller programmed to control the light source to expose the scintillator to a light to saturate traps in the scintillator. In some embodiments, the detector can further include a second light source, and the controller is programmed to control the second light source to expose the scintillator to a second light to detrap afterglow traps in the scintillator.

Abstract: Codoped rare earth garnet-type oxide scintillators are described. More particularly, the scintillators include lutetium yttrium aluminum garnet (LuYAG)-type materials that are doped with an activator, such as praseodymium, and codoped with a monovalent cation, such as lithium. Radiation detectors comprising the scintillators, methods of detecting higher energy radiation using the scintillators, and methods of preparing the scintillators and altering scintillator properties are also described.

Abstract: Codoped alkali and alkaline earth halide scintillators are described. More particularly, the scintillators are codoped with tetravalent ions, such as Ti4+, Zr4+, Hf4+, Ge4+. The codoping can alter one or more optical and/or scintillation property of the scintillator material. For example, the codoping can improve energy resolution. Radiation detectors comprising the scintillators and methods of detecting high energy radiation using the radiation detectors are also described.

Abstract: Codoped lutetium-based oxyorthosilicate scintillators (e.g., lutetium oxyorthosilicase (LSO) and lutetium-ytrrium oxyorthosilicate (LYSO) scintillators) codoped with transition metal ions (e.g., Cu2+) are described. The codoping can alter one or more optical and/or scintillation property of the scintillator material. For example, the codoping can increase scintillation light yield and/or decrease scintillation decay time. Radiation detectors comprising the scintillators, methods of detecting high energy radiation using the radiation detectors, and methods of altering one or more scintillation and/or optical properties of a lutetium-based oxyorthosilicate scintillator are also described.

Abstract: Metal halide optical materials (e.g., scintillator materials or persistent phosphors) are described. More particularly, the optical materials include codoped perovskite-type halides, wherein the codoping ion is present at a molar ratio of 5000 parts per million (ppm) or less with respect to all cations. For example, the optical material can be a codoped trihalide having the formula ABX3 where A is one or more alkali metal, B is one or more alkali earth metal, and X is one or more halide that is doped with up to about 10 atomic percent of a dopant ion and codoped with up to about 5000 ppm of one or more isovalent or aliovalent codopant ion, such as a tetravalent ion (e.g., Zr4+), a trivalent ion (e.g., Sc3+, Y3+, Gd3+, or La3+ ion) or a divalent ion (e.g., Mg2+). The codoped material can have modified afterglow compared to a noncodoped material.

Abstract: Mixed halide scintillation materials of the general formula AB(1?y)MyX?wX?(3?w), where 0?y?1, 0.05?w?1, A may be an alkali metal, B may be an alkali earth metal, and X? and X? may be two different halogen atoms, and of the general formula A(1?y)BMyX?wX?(3?w), where 0?y?1, 0.05?w?1, A maybe an alkali metal, B may be an alkali earth metal, and X? and X? are two different halogen atoms. The scintillation materials of formula (1) include a divalent external activator, M, such as Eu2+ or Yb2+. The scintillation materials of formula (2) include a monovalent external activator, M, such as Tl+, Na+ and In+.

Abstract: Codoped alkali and alkaline earth halide scintillators are described. More particularly, the scintillators are codoped with tetravalent ions, such as Ti4+, Zr4+, Hf4+, Ge4+. The codoping can alter one or more optical and/or scintillation property of the scintillator material. For example, the codoping can improve energy resolution. Radiation detectors comprising the scintillators and methods of detecting high energy radiation using the radiation detectors are also described.

Abstract: Mixed halide scintillation materials of the general formula AB(1-y)MyX?wX?(3-w), where 0?y?1, 0.05?w?1, A may be an alkali metal, B may be an alkali earth metal, and X? and X? may be two different halogen atoms, and of the general formula A(1-y)BMyX?wX?(3-w), where 0?y?1, 0.05?w?1, A maybe an alkali metal, B may be an alkali earth metal, and X? and X? are two different halogen atoms. The scintillation materials of formula (1) include a divalent external activator, M, such as Eu2+ or Yb2+. The scintillation materials of formula (2) include a monovalent external activator, M, such as Tl+, Na+ and In+.

Abstract: Mixed halide scintillation materials of a first general formula A4B(1-y)MyX?6(1-z)X?6z and a second general formula A(4-y)BMyX?6(1-z)X?6z are disclosed. In the general formulas, A is an alkali metal, B is an alkaline earth metal, and X? and X? are two different halogen atoms. Scintillation materials of the first general formula include a divalent external activator M such as Eu2+ or Yb2+ or a trivalent external activator M such as Ce3+. Scintillation materials of the second general formula include a monovalent external activator M such as In+, Na+, or Tl+ or a trivalent external activator such as Ce3+.