Abstract: Methods and systems for feed-forward of multi-layer and multi-process information using XPS and XRF technologies are disclosed. In an example, a method of thin film characterization includes measuring first XPS and XRF intensity signals for a sample having a first layer above a substrate. The first XPS and XRF intensity signals include information for the first layer and for the substrate. The method also involves determining a thickness of the first layer based on the first XPS and XRF intensity signals. The method also involves combining the information for the first layer and for the substrate to estimate an effective substrate. The method also involves measuring second XPS and XRF intensity signals for a sample having a second layer above the first layer above the substrate. The second XPS and XRF intensity signals include information for the second layer, for the first layer and for the substrate.

Abstract: An example bag may include an outer shell comprising a front panel, a rear panel, a top sidewall, a bottom sidewall, a first sidewall, a second sidewall forming, and a closure configured to move from an open position to a closed position. The bag may also include a pair of adjustable straps. The adjustable straps can be configured to move from a first backpack carry position to a second hand carry position by releasing the adjustable straps from the outer shell of the bag from the first carry position and securing the adjustable straps to the second carry position.

Abstract: XPS spectra are used to analyze and monitor various steps in the selective deposition process. A goodness of passivation value is derived to analyze and quantify the quality of the passivation step. A selectivity figure of merit value is derived to analyze and quantify the selectivity of the deposition process, especially for selective deposition in the presence of passivation. A ratio of the selectivity figure of merit to maximum selectivity value can also be used to characterize and monitor the deposition process.

Abstract: Methods and systems for feed-forward of multi-layer and multi-process information using XPS and XRF technologies are disclosed. In an example, a method of thin film characterization includes measuring first XPS and XRF intensity signals for a sample having a first layer above a substrate. The first XPS and XRF intensity signals include information for the first layer and for the substrate. The method also involves determining a thickness of the first layer based on the first XPS and XRF intensity signals. The method also involves combining the information for the first layer and for the substrate to estimate an effective substrate. The method also involves measuring second XPS and XRF intensity signals for a sample having a second layer above the first layer above the substrate. The second XPS and XRF intensity signals include information for the second layer, for the first layer and for the substrate.

Abstract: XPS spectra are used to analyze and monitor various steps in the selective deposition process. A goodness of passivation value is derived to analyze and quantify the quality of the passivation step. A selectivity figure of merit value is derived to analyze and quantify the selectivity of the deposition process, especially for selective deposition in the presence of passivation. A ratio of the selectivity figure of merit to maximum selectivity value can also be used to characterize and monitor the deposition process.

Abstract: XPS spectra are used to analyze and monitor various steps in the selective deposition process. A goodness of passivation value is derived to analyze and quantify the quality of the passivation step. A selectivity figure of merit value is derived to analyze and quantify the selectivity of the deposition process, especially for selective deposition in the presence of passivation. A ratio of the selectivity figure of merit to maximum selectivity value can also be used to characterize and monitor the deposition process.

Abstract: Methods and systems for feed-forward of multi-layer and multi-process information using XPS and XRF technologies are disclosed. In an example, a method of thin film characterization includes measuring first XPS and XRF intensity signals for a sample having a first layer above a substrate. The first XPS and XRF intensity signals include information for the first layer and for the substrate. The method also involves determining a thickness of the first layer based on the first XPS and XRF intensity signals. The method also involves combining the information for the first layer and for the substrate to estimate an effective substrate. The method also involves measuring second XPS and XRF intensity signals for a sample having a second layer above the first layer above the substrate. The second XPS and XRF intensity signals include information for the second layer, for the first layer and for the substrate.

Abstract: A compliant shin guard includes an outer shell composed of an impact absorbing material and an inner padding mounted to the inner surface of the outer shell. A plurality of vents extend through the outer shell and the inner padding, the plurality of vents being distributed across the outer surface of the outer shell. A raised channel extends at least partially along the length of the outer shell to provide rigidity to the outer shell.

Abstract: A smoker box including a box assembly having a first compartment for receiving a food product, a second compartment for receiving a smoking agent, and a divider separating the compartments from one another. To produce the desired flow of heat and smoke, a bottom wall of the second compartment, the divider, and a side wall of the first compartment all have one or more air flow passageways. These passageways permit air to enter the second chamber to smoke the smoking agent and circulates the smoke over the food product in the first compartment by forcing the generated smoke into the first compartment. In some forms, there may be a removable rack configured to be placed within the first compartment that is designed to support a food product such as sausages.

Abstract: A grilling plate is configured for cooking sausage links or other meat products. The grilling plate includes a plate body and a first and second handle extending from opposite sides of the plate body. One or more link slots are formed in the plate body and the link slot(s) have a curved profile. Additionally, each of the link slot(s) have one or more corresponding drainage openings positioned therein that extend through the plate body.

Abstract: A compliant shin guard includes an outer shell composed of an impact absorbing material and an inner padding mounted to the inner surface of the outer shell. A plurality of vents extend through the outer shell and the inner padding, the plurality of vents being distributed across the outer surface of the outer shell. A raised channel extends at least partially along the length of the outer shell to provide rigidity to the outer shell.

Abstract: A compliant shin guard includes an outer shell composed of an impact absorbing material and an inner padding mounted to the inner surface of the outer shell. A plurality of vents extend through the outer shell and the inner padding, the plurality of vents being distributed across the outer surface of the outer shell. A raised channel extends at least partially along the length of the outer shell to provide rigidity to the outer shell.

Abstract: The present disclosure is directed to a process for applying a waterborne coating composition in a spray booth and a system thereof. The disclosure is particularly directed to a process for introducing water into incoming air for the spray booth to produce a conditioned spray booth having appropriate humidity levels. The process of this disclosure is particularly useful for applying a waterborne coating composition having effect pigments in a low humidity and high temperature climate.

Abstract: A compliant shin guard includes an outer shell composed of an impact absorbing material and an inner padding mounted to the inner surface of the outer shell. A plurality of vents extend through the outer shell and the inner padding, the plurality of vents being distributed across the outer surface of the outer shell. A raised channel extends at least partially along the length of the outer shell to provide rigidity to the outer shell.

Abstract: A process for producing a dry coating layer over a substrate is provided. The process can comprise irradiating a radiation curable wet coating layer applied over the substrate with a high power mobile radiation device at a predetermined linear velocity along the surface of the substrate and at a predetermined curing distance. The mobile radiation device can produce radiation having peak radiation wavelength in a range of from 250 nm to 450 nm and can have a peak irradiation power in a range of from 0.5 W/cm2 to 10 W/cm2. The wet coating layer can be cured within a few seconds to a few minutes. The cured dry coating layer is free from curing defects. The process and the system disclosed herein can be used for vehicle coating refinish and repairs, especially for collision and cosmetic repairs of automobiles.

Abstract: This invention is directed to a method for producing a coating layer of a coating composition comprising two or more components. The two or more components are mixed post atomization. This invention is also directed to a spray gun having a spray needle comprising two or more spray channels for producing such coating layer.

Abstract: The present disclosure is directed to a system for applying a waterborne coating composition to form a coating layer. The disclosure is particularly directed a system having dual water spraying devices for automatically introducing water into incoming air to produce a spray booth having a target range of humidity level. The system of this disclosure is particularly useful for applying a waterborne coating composition having effect pigments in a low humidity and high temperature climate.

Abstract: This invention is directed to a method for producing a coating layer of a coating composition comprising two or more components. The two or more components are mixed post atomization. This invention is further directed to a method for producing a layer of a coating composition comprising a first component and a second component on a substrate using the spray gun.