Abstract: Apparatus for spectroscopic analysis which includes a tunable diode laser spectrometer having a digital output signal and a digital computer for receiving the digital output signal from the spectrometer, the digital computer programmed to process the digital output signal using a multivariate regression algorithm. In addition, a spectroscopic method of analysis using such apparatus. Finally, a method for controlling an ethylene cracker hydrogenator.

Abstract: A method for control of the air/fuel ratio of the burner(s) (excess air) of a thermal cracker which includes three steps. The first step is to direct a wavelength modulated beam of near infrared light from a tunable diode laser through combustion gas from the burner to a near infrared light detector to generate a detector signal. The second step is to analyze the detector signal for spectroscopic absorption at wavelengths characteristic for an analyte selected from the group consisting of oxygen, carbon monoxide and nitrogen oxide to determine the concentration of the analyte in the combustion gas. The third step is to adjust the air/fuel ratio of the burner(s) (excess air) in response to the concentration of the analyte of the second step.

Abstract: Apparatus for spectroscopic analysis which includes a tunable diode laser spectrometer having a digital output signal and a digital computer for receiving the digital output signal from the spectrometer, the digital computer programmed to process the digital output signal using a multivariate regression algorithm. In addition, a spectroscopic method of analysis using such apparatus. Finally, a method for controlling an ethylene cracker hydrogenator.

Abstract: A process and apparatus are described for converting a feed that is substantially comprised of halogenated materials, and especially byproduct and waste chlorinated hydrocarbons as are produced from a variety of chemical manufacturing processes, to one or more higher value products via a partial oxidation reforming reaction step. These products can be in the form of a useful or salable acid product and/or a product synthesis gas comprised of carbon monoxide and hydrogen, or the reaction product including the same hydrogen halide, carbon monoxide and hydrogen components can be employed as a feed in the synthesis of a different useful or salable product.

Abstract: A feed nozzle assembly suitable for use in synthesis and combustion reactions involving gas/liquid reaction systems comprises a plurality of nozzles positioned such that their sprays impinge upon one another to obtain improved, or maintain acceptable, drop size, measured as Sauter mean diameter, by suitably balancing impact destruction and coalescence of drops. This feed nozzle assembly can be incorporated into a burner apparatus combining annular areas with stepped extended barriers for feeding oxygen and moderator gas, e.g., steam, all preferably within an exterior annular cooling means such as a water jacket.