Abstract: Methods and apparatus to compensate first principle-based simulation models are disclosed. An example method to compensate a first-principle based simulation model includes applying one or more first test inputs to a process system to generate first output data, applying one or more second test inputs to a first principle model to generate second output data, generating an error model based on the first and second output data, applying input data to the first principle model to generate simulation model output data, and compensating the model data via the error model to generate compensated model output data.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus to compensate first principle-based simulation models are disclosed. An example method to compensate a first-principle based simulation model includes applying one or more first test inputs to a process system to generate first output data, applying one or more second test inputs to a first principle model to generate second output data, generating an error model based on the first and second output data, applying input data to the first principle model to generate simulation model output data, and compensating the model data via the error model to generate compensated model output data.

Abstract: The disclosure is directed to a saturated water spraying system configured to rapidly respond to rapid load changes by implementing a single integrated DCS control block. The integrate DCS control block may include a plurality of process control routines that are necessary to control the operation of the spraying system. For example, upstream and downstream PID control routines may determine and output control variables, and other control routines may be provided as necessary to handle disturbances within a boiler affecting the outlet and spray steam temperatures, and to ensure that the steam temperatures do not fall into the saturation region during operation of the boiler. Because the routines are part of the same control block, the common storage for the control block may be accessed by each of the routines without the necessity of establishing additional communication links for transferring the information as is required when using cascaded function blocks.