Abstract: An ionizing system includes a channel and a heater coupled to the channel. The channel has an inlet disposed in a first pressure region having a first pressure and an outlet disposed in a second pressure region having a second pressure. The first pressure is greater than the second pressure. The heater is for heating the channel, and the channel is configured to generate charged particles of a sample in response to the sample being introduced into the channel.

Abstract: An ionizing system includes a channel and a heater coupled to the channel. The channel has an inlet disposed in a first pressure region having a first pressure and an outlet disposed in a second pressure region having a second pressure. The first pressure is greater than the second pressure.

Abstract: An ionizing system includes a channel and a heater coupled to the channel. The channel has an inlet disposed in a first pressure region having a first pressure and an outlet disposed in a second pressure region having a second pressure. The first pressure is greater than the second pressure. The heater is for heating the channel, and the channel is configured to generate charged particles of a sample in response to the sample being introduced into the channel.

Abstract: An ionizing system includes a channel and a heater coupled to the channel. The channel has an inlet disposed in a first pressure region having a first pressure and an outlet disposed in a second pressure region having a second pressure. The first pressure is greater than the second pressure. The heater is for heating the channel, and the channel is configured to generate charged particles of a sample in response to the sample being introduced into the channel.

Abstract: An ionizing system includes a channel having an inlet disposed in a first pressure region and an outlet disposed in a second pressure region, a pressure of the first pressure region being greater than a pressure of the second pressure region. A heater is coupled to the channel and configured to heat the channel. A device is configured to introduce an analyte into the channel where the analyte is ionized.

Abstract: An ion source able to ionize liquid and gaseous effluents from interfaced liquid or gaseous separation techniques and from direct introduction of the analyte to the entrance of the ionization region. The liquid effluents from sources such as a liquid chromatograph are ionized by inlet ionization methods and the gaseous effluents from sources such as a gas chromatograph are ionized by a corona or Townsend electrical discharge, or an alpha or beta emitter, or by inlet ionization, or by photoionization. Ionization occurs in an intermediate pressure region linking atmospheric pressure and the vacuum of the mass analyzer. The source has the ability to ionize compounds from both liquid and gaseous sources, which facilitates ionization of volatile compounds separated by gas chromatography, volatile or non-volatile compounds separated by liquid chromatography, or infused into the ionization. The ionization methods can be achieved with a single configuration or with separately optimized configurations.

Abstract: An ion source able to ionize liquid and gaseous effluents from interfaced liquid or gaseous separation techniques and from direct introduction of the analyte to the entrance of the ionization region. The liquid effluents from sources such as a liquid chromatograph are ionized by inlet ionization methods and the gaseous effluents from sources such as a gas chromatograph are ionized by a corona or Townsend electrical discharge, or an alpha or beta emitter, or by inlet ionization, or by photoionization. Ionization occurs in an intermediate pressure region linking atmospheric pressure and the vacuum of the mass analyzer. The source has the ability to ionize compounds from both liquid and gaseous sources, which facilitates ionization of volatile compounds separated by gas chromatography, volatile or non-volatile compounds separated by liquid chromatography, or infused into the ionization. The ionization methods can be achieved with a single configuration or with separately optimized configurations.

Abstract: An ionizing system includes a channel having an inlet disposed in a first pressure region and an outlet disposed in a second pressure region, a pressure of the first pressure region being greater than a pressure of the second pressure region. A heater is coupled to the channel and configured to heat the channel. A device is configured to introduce an analyte into the channel where the analyte is ionized.

Abstract: The invention is related to thermal imageable dielectric layers and thermal transfer donors and receivers comprising dielectric layers. The thermal transfer donors are useful in making electronic devices by thermal transfer of dielectric layers having excellent resistivity, good transfer properties and good adhesion to a variety of receivers.

Abstract: The invention discloses processes for thermal transfer patterning of a nanoparticle layer and a corresponding proximate portion of a carrier layer, and optionally additional transfer layers, together onto a thermal imaging receiver. The invention is useful for dry fabrication of electronic devices. Additional embodiments of the invention include multilayer thermal imaging donors comprising in layered sequence: a base film, a carrier layer and a nanoparticle layer. The carrier layer can be a dielectric or conducting layer. When the carrier layer is a dielectric layer, the base film includes a light attenuating agent in the form of a dye or pigment.

Abstract: The invention is related to thermal imageable dielectric layers and thermal transfer donors and receivers comprising dielectric layers. The thermal transfer donors are useful in making electronic devices by thermal transfer of dielectric layers having excellent resistivity, good transfer properties and good adhesion to a variety of receivers.

Abstract: An ion source able to ionize both liquid and gaseous vapors from interfaced liquid separation techniques and a solids/liquid atmospheric pressure (AP) probe. The liquid effluents are ionized by electrospray ionization, photoionization or atmospheric pressure chemical ionization and the vapors released from a probe device placed in a heated gas stream in the AP source are ionized by a corona or Townsend electrical discharge or photoionization. The source has the ability to ionize compounds from both liquid and solid sources, which facilitates ionization of volatile and semivolatile compounds by applying heat from a gas stream as well as highly non-volatile compounds infused by electrospray or separated by liquid chromatography or capillary electrophoresis.

Abstract: An ion source able to ionize both liquid and gaseous vapors from interfaced liquid separation techniques and a solids/liquid atmospheric pressure (AP) probe. The liquid effluents are ionized by electrospray ionization, photoionization or atmospheric pressure chemical ionization and the vapors released from a probe device placed in a heated gas stream in the AP source are ionized by a corona or Townsend electrical discharge or photoionization. The source has the ability to ionize compounds from both liquid and solid sources, which facilitates ionization of volatile and semivolatile compounds by applying heat from a gas stream as well as highly non-volatile compounds infused by electrospray or separated by liquid chromatography or capillary electrophoresis.

Abstract: An atmospheric pressure (AP) mass spectrometry ion source able to ionize analytes in liquid effluents from interfaced liquid separation techniques and from individual containers, as in microtiter plates, by direct introduction of the analyte into the ion source using a moving ribbon, wire, or belt with vaporization of the analyte and subsequent ionization using an electric discharge or photoionization. The AP source may also incorporate atmospheric pressure chemical ionization (APCI), photoionization (APPI) and/or electrospray ionization (ESI), techniques that are commercially available. The source facilitates ionization of volatile and semivolatile compounds by applying heat from a gas stream to vaporize analyte entering the ionization region on a moving transport device. Solvent removal prior to sample entering the ionization region enables ionization of a wider range of compounds than liquid introduction APCI or APPI.

Abstract: The invention discloses processes for thermal transfer patterning of a nanoparticle layer and a corresponding proximate portion of a carrier layer, and optionally additional transfer layers, together onto a thermal imaging receiver. The invention is useful for dry fabrication of electronic devices. Additional embodiments of the invention include multilayer thermal imaging donors comprising in layered sequence: a base film, a carrier layer and a nanoparticle layer. The carrier layer can be a dielectric or conducting layer. When the carrier layer is a dielectric layer, the base film includes a light attenuating agent in the form of a dye or pigment.

Abstract: An ion source able to ionize both liquid and gaseous effluents from interfaced liquid or gaseous separation techniques. The liquid effluents are ionized by electrospray ionization, photoionization or atmospheric pressure chemical ionization and the gaseous effluents from sources such as a gas chromatograph are ionized by a corona or Townsend electrical discharge or photoionization. The source has the ability to ionize compounds from both liquid and gaseous sources, which facilitates ionization of volatile compounds separated by gas chromatography, low volatility compounds separated by liquid chromatography, as well as highly non-volatile compounds infused by electrospray or separated by liquid chromatography or capillary electrophoresis.

Abstract: An ion source able to ionize both liquid and gaseous effluents from interfaced liquid or gaseous separation techniques. The liquid effluents are ionized by electrospray ionization, photoionization or atmospheric pressure chemical ionization and the gaseous effluents from sources such as a gas chromatograph are ionized by a corona or Townsend electrical discharge or photoionization. The source has the ability to ionize compounds from both liquid and gaseous sources, which facilitates ionization of volatile compounds separated by gas chromatography, low volatility compounds separated by liquid chromatography, as well as highly non-volatile compounds infused by electrospray or separated by liquid chromatography or capillary electrophoresis.

Abstract: A device that can be used for dispersing or dispensing a liquid is provided that comprises a container, a nozzle device, a secondary wick, and a control device in which the container comprises, an open end and a liquid; the nozzle comprises a primary wick, a first end being in fluid communication with the liquid, and a second end extending through the open end of the container and having an opening; the aperture has extended therethrough the primary wick; the secondary wick extends into proximity with the primary wick; and the secondary wick is securely connected to a control device, which controls the distance between the primary wick and the secondary wick.

Abstract: A device that can be used for dispersing or dispensing a liquid is provided that comprises a container, a nozzle device, a secondary wick, and a control device in which the container comprises, an open end and a liquid; the nozzle comprises a primary wick, a first end being in fluid communication with the liquid, and a second end extending through the open end of the container and having an opening; the aperture has extended therethrough the primary wick; the secondary wick extends into proximity with the primary wick; and the secondary wick is securely connected to a control device, which controls the distance between the primary wick and the secondary wick.

Abstract: A device that can be used for dispersing a liquid is disclose. The device comprises a container, a capillary device, and a housing. The container has an open end that is connected to the capillary device and comprises a liquid. The capillary device comprises a substantially tubular member having one end secured to the open end of the container and the opposing end extended therethrough a substantially tubular capillary structure, which is coaxially aligned with the substantially tubular member. The capillary structure is in fluid communication with the liquid in the container. The housing comprises a first end having an opening attached thereon the container, a low voltage supplier attached to one wall, a high voltage converter attached to another wall, a voltage contact and a counter electrode, optionally a heat and/or lighting source, a wicking material, and further optionally electronics for voltage regulation. Also disclosed is a process for dispensing liquid using the device.