Abstract: Disclosed herein are disposable devices for measuring sweat having low dead volumes and allowing a quick sensory response. Also disclosed herein are methods of making and using such devices.

Abstract: Global motion between frames of a motion-compensated inter-frame encoded video sequence is estimated directly from the motion vectors encoded within the frames. For any particular frame, the motion vectors are first decoded, and a finite number of sets of vectors are selected. An affine or other geometrical transform is then used to generate a motion estimation for each set, and then the least median squared error present in each motion estimation is calculated for each estimation. The motion estimation with the smallest least median squared error is then selected as being representative of the global motion in the image of the frame. A panoramic image generating method and system makes uses of the global motion estimations thus obtained.

Abstract: The invention relates to estimating the global motion between frames of a motion-compensated inter-frame encoded video sequence, directly from the motion vectors encoded within the frames. For any particular frame, a motion estimation is determined from motion vectors direct from the frame's anchor frame to the frame in question. This motion estimation is then checked against pre-determined criteria, and where the criteria are not met, re-estimation along a different route is performed, using the bi-directional motion vectors contained within B-frames. A panoramic image generating method and system which makes uses of the global motion estimations thus obtained is also described.

Abstract: Increased recognizance of caricatured images is provided for the level of caricaturing to be applied to an image to be set in dependence on the intended size of the caricature image. Preferably, the caricature level is set as a generally inverse function of the image size, such that the smaller the image the greater the level of the caricaturing that is applied. In such a case increased recognizance of subjects represented in smaller images may result.

Abstract: The invention provides an image processing method and system wherein an image is conceptually textured onto the surface of a three dimensional shape via a projection thereonto. The shape and/or the image position are then moved relative to each other, preferably by a rotation about one or more axes of the shape, and a second projection taken of the textured surface back to the image position to obtain a second, processed image. The view displayed within the processed image will be seen to have undergone an aspect ratio change as a result of the processing. The invention is of particular use in simulating the small movements of humans when speaking, and in particular of processing viseme images to simulate such small movements when displayed as a sequence.

Abstract: The present invention applies prior art findings with regards to increased recognisance of caricatured images by providing a method and system which provide for the level of caricaturing to be applied to an image to be set in dependence on the intended size of the caricature image. Preferably, the caricature level is set as a generally inverse function of the image size, such that the smaller the image the greater the level of the caricaturing that is applied. In such a case increased recognisance of subjects represented in smaller images may result.

Abstract: The invention relates to estimating the global motion between frames of a motion-compensated inter-frame encoded video sequence, directly from the motion vectors encoded within the frames. For any particular frame, the motion vectors are first decoded, and a finite number of sets of vectors are selected. An affine or other geometrical transform is then used to generate a motion estimation for each set, and then the least median squared error present in each motion estimation is calculated for each estimation. The motion estimation with the smallest least median squared error is then selected as being representative of the global motion in the image of the frame.

Abstract: The invention relates to generating panoramic images of foreground and background panorama. Within mosaiced panoramic images there will often be more than one pixel value available for each pixel position. In the invention pixel values for a foreground panoramic image are selected by taking the most extraordinary pixel as foreground, and pixel values for a background image are selected by taking a median pixel value. We have found that such pixel selection gives improved results with respect to the prior art.

Abstract: The invention provides an image processing method and system wherein an image is conceptually textured onto the surface of a three dimensional shape via a projection thereonto. The shape and/or the image position are then moved relative to each other, preferably by a rotation about one or more axes of the shape, and a second projection taken of the textured surface back to the image position to obtain a second, processed image. The view displayed within the processed image will be seen to have undergone an aspect ratio change as a result of the processing. The invention is of particular use in simulating the small movements of humans when speaking, and in particular of processing viseme images to simulate such small movements when displayed as a sequence.

Abstract: A portable or other video communications device has a display 106 and camera 111. It provides a user with feedback as to his position in relation to the camera, with a head location unit 113 serving to modify (at 105) the displayed incoming picture—e.g. by degrading its quality and/or shifting it—if the user's head is off-centre. The location and modification can alternatively be located elsewhere in a remote device or intervening network. A preferred arrangement employs centre-weighted compression.

Abstract: A neutral net in which new nodes and connections are created in both input and intermediate layers during training, which is by punishment, reward and teaching. This can use a small increase in memory requirement to preclude the necessity for long training times applicable problems in speech and natural language processing, video recognition and simple logic functions.

Abstract: Actual picture points of a picture area are compared with interpolated values derived from selected points. If the differences are small, data for only the selected points are transmitted, otherwise the area is subdivided and each sub-area processed in the same way, so that the number of points selected for transmission is greatest in detailed areas of the image.

Abstract: A filter network that exhibits a bandstop response comprises a network of basically low pass or high pass structure. The network is developed by choosing a bandstop transfer function, a fourth-orderelliptic is disclosed, which is converted to a low pass function. This function describes a passive low pass LC ladder network including a negative impedance element. A Bruton transformation is applied to the passive LC network to give an active version including an ungrounded negative resistance network in a series arm and frequency-dependent negative resistances in shunt arms without requiring inductance coils for its implementation.