Abstract: An improved driver for differentially driving a differentially conducting cable (e.g., for Ethernet) minimizes the output offset signal coupled to the cable when the driver is idle. When driven to an idle state, the driver provides a shaped output which transitions to a quiescent output level in a manner which eliminates output signal common mode step change and consequently reduces signal distortion on the cable due to reflection of the step change.

Abstract: A three state inverter driver is operated so that its output goes to a logic one briefly just prior to going to its high impedance state when commanded by a disable pulse. This characteristic is useful where a plurality of drivers are employed to operate a DRAM element.

Abstract: A transistor, used in the switching of current in an inductive load, is protected by a similar transistor connected between collector and base. The protective transistor has a lower breakdown voltage than the transistor being protected. When the inductive load produces a voltage surge, the protective transistor breaks down first and turns the protected transistor on so that the surge is absorbed in an active transistor not in breakdown and therefore capable of dissipating the surge without damage. Since the surge is arrested at high voltage the time required to complete the arrest is shortened.