Abstract: The invention relates to an aqueous sizing composition comprising (a) an emulsion comprising an alkenylsuccinic anhydride component containing alkenylsuccinic anhydride particles suspended in a first starch component containing emulsifying starch selected from the group consisting of non-ionic starches, ionic starches, and mixtures thereof, and (b) a second starch component selected from the group consisting of non-ionic starches, ionic starches and mixtures thereof, such that the alkenylsuccinic anhydride and the starch in the emulsion and the second starch component are present at a starch: alkenylsuccinic anhydride weight ratio that is sufficiently high to enable the sizing composition to impart useful sizing properties to a fibrous substrate when the sizing composition contacts the fibrous substrate. The invention also relates to fibrous substrates treated with the sizing composition, processes for making the composition and processes for using such a composition, and other compositions.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for sizing a paper product that involves the steps of (a) providing a paper stock system; (b) forming, in the absence of high shearing forces, an aqueous sizing emulsion comprising an alkenylsuccinic anhydride component; (c) submitting the emulsion formed from step b to a post-dilution step in the presence of a cationic component under conditions, in the absence of high shearing forces, that produce a post-diluted emulsion having improved sizing efficacy; (d) adding the post-diluted emulsion to the paper stock; and (e) forming a paper web.

Abstract: The invention relates to an aqueous sizing composition including (a) an emulsion comprising alkenylsuccinic anhydride component containing alkenylsuccinic anhydride particles suspended in an aqueous polymer, and (b) a second component selected from the group consisting of cationic starches, non-ionic starches, anionic starches, water-soluble polymer, water and mixtures thereof, such that the alkenylsuccinic anhydride component is sufficiently dilute to enable the sizing composition to impart useful sizing properties to a fibrous substrate when the sizing composition contacts the fibrous substrate. The invention also relates to fibrous substrates treated with such a composition as well as processes for making and using the composition. In one embodiment, alkylene ketene dimer can be used instead of alkenylsuccinic anhydride.

Abstract: The invention relates to an aqueous sizing composition including: (a) a first component comprising an emulsion having an alkenylsuccinic anhydride component containing alkenylsuccinic anhydride particles and a surfactant component; suspended in water; and (b) a second component selected from the group consisting of cationic starches, non-ionic starches, anionic starches, water, water-soluble polymers, and mixtures thereof; such that the alkenylsuccinic anhydride component and the second component are sufficiently diluted to enable the sizing composition to impart useful sizing properties to a fibrous substrate when the sizing composition contacts the fibrous substrate. The invention also relates to fibrous substrates treated with such a composition as well as processes for making and using the composition. In one embodiment, alkyl ketene dimer is used instead of alkenylsuccinic anhydride.

Abstract: A microparticle system for use as a retention and drainage aid in the production of alkaline and acid paper products comprises a HMW flocculent polymer (6), an acid colloid (7), and a coagulant or a MMW flooculant (5). The acid colloid (7) comprises an aqueous solution of a water soluble polymer or copolymer of melamine aldehyde, preferably melamine formaldehyde, and is present in an amount ranging between 0.0005% to 0.5% by weight based on the dry weight of the solids in the furnish. The HMW flocculant polymer (6) may be added to stock or furnish after the fan pump; and prior to the pressure screen (2); the acid colloid (7) may be added to the stock after the pressure screen (2), and the coagulant/MMW flocculant (5) may be added prior to the fan pump (1). Alternatively, this sequence of chemical additions can be changed, i.e. the acid colloid (7) can be added prior to or after the fan pump (1) or prior to the pressure screen (2).

Abstract: An aqueous binder composition containing a urea-formaldehyde resin modified with a water-soluble styrene-maleic anhydride copolymer is used in the preparation of fiber mats.

Abstract: Method and system are provided for building a data model of a physical part in a data format useful for reproduction of the part. The system preferably includes a Moire interferometry system including a camera mounted on a portable coordinate measuring system (CMM) to obtain high density data scans in the form of 3-D point data from different positions and orientations of the interferometry system relative to the part. The CMM provides position data to enable an engineering workstation to convert the data scans obtained in multiple local coordinate systems into a single global coordinate system. The engineering workstation then integrates the data scans in the global coordinate system and joins the point data to form a polygonal structure corresponding to multiple continuous surfaces of the physical part. From this data, a tool path can be generated to cut a reproduction of the part or a mold for molding the reproduction.

Abstract: An aqueous binder composition containing a urea-formaldehyde resin modified with a water-soluble styrene-maleic anhydride copolymer is used in the preparation of fiber mats.

Abstract: The surface of a clay model is laser scanned to obtain a set of laser scan data. The scan data provides X, Y and Z values of the part. The raw scan data is then preferably edited to smooth, filter, and pre-process it for further use. A first algorithm implemented at an engineering workstation is used to create a first set of equations which represent a three-dimensional surface of the model from the edited set of scan data. A second algorithm utilizes known wire frame data for the part model to compute a second set of mathematical equations. The first set of equations and the second set of equations represent surface(s) and characteristics of the model in a recorded format usable by CAD-based systems to facilitate part design and tool construction. A third algorithm generates an NC tool path data from the first and second set of equations. The NC tool path data may be utilized at a machining center to cut a production part mold, or a direct reproduction of the model.

Abstract: An electrothermal thruster operating at high temperature is employed for satellite control.