Patents by Inventor Charles R. Keese
Charles R. Keese has filed for patents to protect the following inventions. This listing includes patent applications that are pending as well as patents that have already been granted by the United States Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO).
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Patent number: 8722393Abstract: Method and apparatus for processing a cell culture are provided. The method includes establishing a cell culture within a holding device having one or more wells, each well holding a cell culture, and including a well substrate with at least one electrode in contact with the cell culture; periodically applying at least one electrical pulse to the at least one electrode to prevent cells from attaching to and achieving confluence over the at least one electrode while allowing cells to attach to and achieve confluence over other portions of the well substrate; and discontinuing the periodically applying of the at least one electrical pulse to the at least one electrode after cells have achieved confluence over the other portions of the well substrate, and thereafter, monitoring the cell culture to monitor migration of cells over the electrode(s) from the other portions of the well substrate.Type: GrantFiled: July 23, 2012Date of Patent: May 13, 2014Assignee: Applied Biophysics, Inc.Inventors: Ivar Giaever, Charles R. Keese
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Publication number: 20120288922Abstract: Method and apparatus for processing a cell culture are provided. The method includes establishing a cell culture within a holding device having one or more wells, each well holding a cell culture, and including a well substrate with at least one electrode in contact with the cell culture; periodically applying at least one electrical pulse to the at least one electrode to prevent cells from attaching to and achieving confluence over the at least one electrode while allowing cells to attach to and achieve confluence over other portions of the well substrate; and discontinuing the periodically applying of the at least one electrical pulse to the at least one electrode after cells have achieved confluence over the other portions of the well substrate, and thereafter, monitoring the cell culture to monitor migration of cells over the electrode(s) from the other portions of the well substrate.Type: ApplicationFiled: July 23, 2012Publication date: November 15, 2012Applicant: APPLIED BIOPHYSICS, INC.Inventors: Ivar GIAEVER, Charles R. KEESE
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Patent number: 8227223Abstract: Method and apparatus for processing a cell culture are provided. The method includes establishing a cell culture within a holding device having one or more wells, each well holding a cell culture, and including a well substrate with at least one electrode in contact with the cell culture; periodically applying at least one electrical pulse to the at least one electrode to prevent cells from attaching to and achieving confluence over the at least one electrode while allowing cells to attach to and achieve confluence over other portions of the well substrate; and discontinuing the periodically applying of the at least one electrical pulse to the at least one electrode after cells have achieved confluence over the other portions of the well substrate, and thereafter, monitoring the cell culture to monitor migration of cells over the electrode(s) from the other portions of the well substrate.Type: GrantFiled: January 27, 2009Date of Patent: July 24, 2012Assignee: Applied Biophysics, Inc.Inventors: Ivar Giaever, Charles R. Keese
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Publication number: 20100190228Abstract: Method and apparatus for processing a cell culture are provided. The method includes establishing a cell culture within a holding device having one or more wells, each well holding a cell culture, and including a well substrate with at least one electrode in contact with the cell culture; periodically applying at least one electrical pulse to the at least one electrode to prevent cells from attaching to and achieving confluence over the at least one electrode while allowing cells to attach to and achieve confluence over other portions of the well substrate; and discontinuing the periodically applying of the at least one electrical pulse to the at least one electrode after cells have achieved confluence over the other portions of the well substrate, and thereafter, monitoring the cell culture to monitor migration of cells over the electrode(s) from the other portions of the well substrate.Type: ApplicationFiled: January 27, 2009Publication date: July 29, 2010Applicant: APPLIED BIOPHYSICS, INC.Inventors: Ivar GIAEVER, Charles R. KEESE
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Patent number: 7399631Abstract: The present invention provides methods for the assessment of the metastatic potential of cells by measuring the effect of the cells on the impedance of an electrode. Accordingly, the present invention similarly provides methods for establishing indicators of metastatic potential based on a cell's effect on impedance. Such methods may be employed in vitro or in vivo. In some embodiments, the electrode is coated with endothelial or epithelial cells.Type: GrantFiled: September 10, 2004Date of Patent: July 15, 2008Assignee: Applied Biophysics, Inc.Inventors: Ivar Giaever, Charles R. Keese
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Patent number: 7332313Abstract: A method and system for electrically wounding and/or monitoring cell activity in vitro. The invention comprises methods and systems for wounding and/or monitoring cells that place a cell culture on a well that has an exposed electrode. The cell culture can then be wounded and/or monitored using the electrode.Type: GrantFiled: June 5, 2002Date of Patent: February 19, 2008Assignee: Applied BioPhysics, Inc.Inventors: Ivar Giaever, Charles R. Keese
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Publication number: 20070182417Abstract: The electrical measurement of invasive cell movement is provided. A gel layer is added to a well including a substrate having an electrode thereon. A medium is added over the gel layer. One of the medium and the gel layer can include cells and the other of the medium and the gel layer can comprise a compound to be evaluated for its influence on cell migration. An electrical signal is applied to the electrode and a property (e.g., impedance) of the electrical signal is measured. By analyzing the property, it can be determined whether and to what extent cells are in contact with the electrode. An influence of the compound on cell migration can be correlated with the property.Type: ApplicationFiled: February 2, 2007Publication date: August 9, 2007Inventors: Ivar Giaever, Charles R. Keese
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Publication number: 20070175494Abstract: Cleaning an electrode used for acquiring measurement data while the electrode is contacting a medium using a set of electrical pulses. An electrical pulse causes a voltage drop between approximately 0.01 Volts and approximately 10 Volts across the electrode. A particular voltage drop and/or other aspects of the pulse(s) can be selected based on the voltage source, electrode, medium, and/or the like. In an illustrative embodiment, the voltage drop is between approximately 1.0 and approximately 1.5 volts.Type: ApplicationFiled: February 2, 2007Publication date: August 2, 2007Inventors: Ivar Giaever, Charles R. Keese
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Publication number: 20020182591Abstract: A method and system for electrically wounding and/or monitoring cell activity in vitro. The invention comprises methods and systems for wounding and/or monitoring cells that place a cell culture on a well that has an exposed electrode. The cell culture can then be wounded and/or monitored using the electrode.Type: ApplicationFiled: June 5, 2002Publication date: December 5, 2002Applicant: Applied BioPhysics, Inc.Inventors: Ivar Giaever, Charles R. Keese
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Patent number: 5187096Abstract: An apparatus and method for monitoring cell-substrate impedance comprises upper and lower substrates each containing strips of metal foil which cross to form well areas. Holes in the upper substrate expose an insulation layer between the upper and lower substrates. Smaller holes in the insulation layer expose the conductive material of the lower substrate. Cylindrical well walls are positioned around each of the holes in the upper substrate and define a cell medium containing well which is exposed to an annular area of conductive foil on the upper substrate, and a small area of conducive foil on the lower substrate. The areas of foil form large and small electrodes which are positioned in an array of wells which can be used to monitor the impedance of various cell cultures under various conditions. A switching device applies currents to the well electrodes and a monitoring device measures the impedance between the electrodes in each well. In this way, cell spreading and motility can be measured.Type: GrantFiled: August 8, 1991Date of Patent: February 16, 1993Assignee: Rensselaer Polytechnic InstituteInventors: Ivar Giaever, Charles R. Keese
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Patent number: 4920047Abstract: Test method and apparatus for determining the presence of, the concentration of, or the absence of, immunologically-active substances in liquid media by measuring any change of electrical impedance of an electrode due to the presence of, or the absence of, the reaction of a product of enzyme linked immunologically-active substance and a proper enzyme substrate.Type: GrantFiled: May 20, 1988Date of Patent: April 24, 1990Assignee: General Electric CompanyInventors: Ivar Giaever, Charles R. Keese
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Patent number: 4892822Abstract: Enzyme-catalyzed exchange reactions with diphenyl carbonate compounds are disclosed. Nucleophiles participating in these reactions include water and a wide range of hydroxy-containing compounds. Polycarbonate products can be prepared according to this invention by the use of various bisphenols in a transesterification reaction with the diphenyl carbonate compound.Type: GrantFiled: October 22, 1987Date of Patent: January 9, 1990Assignee: General Electric CompanyInventors: Daniel A. Abramowicz, Charles R. Keese
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Patent number: 4634681Abstract: An emulsion (in which an aqueous medium contains small liquid droplets coated with a protein that will interact specifically with a select protein) is mixed with a liquid sample, time is allowed for interaction to occur and the mixture is then exposed to a tagged antibody specific to the select protein. After an appropriate hold time the emulsion is broken and the protein that previously covered the disperse droplets becomes concentrated at the surface. The surface is checked for the presence of the tagged antibodies to establish the presence of absence of the select protein.Type: GrantFiled: October 29, 1984Date of Patent: January 6, 1987Assignee: General Electric CompanyInventors: Ivar Giaever, Charles R. Keese
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Patent number: 4619904Abstract: Small liquid droplets, coated with protein, the protein coating containing molecules of protein that will interact specifically with a select protein, are contacted with a liquid sample to determine the presence or absence of the select protein therein depending upon whether the droplets agglutinate.Type: GrantFiled: October 29, 1984Date of Patent: October 28, 1986Assignees: General Electric Company, National Foundation for Cancer Research, Inc.Inventors: Ivar Giaever, Charles R. Keese
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Patent number: 4181501Abstract: A diagnostic device is described employing a solid, rigid diagnostic substrate (having as a part thereof an exposed layer of first immunologically reactive biological particles) in combination with means spaced therefrom for containing a solution of second immunologically reactive biological particles specific to the first particles. Preferably these elements are arranged with the layer of first immunologically reactive biological particles on a glass slide having a metallized surface and facing the containing means with spacing therebetween. This spacing defines a wedge-shaped volume for containing test fluid. With a test fluid in place, after allowing diffusion to occur for a predetermined period of time, the extent of formation of a layer of the second particles (i.e., a second layer) on the first layer is determined. If such a second layer develops, this determination can be related to the concentration of first particles in the test fluid.Type: GrantFiled: March 26, 1979Date of Patent: January 1, 1980Assignee: General Electric CompanyInventors: Charles R. Keese, Ivar Giaever, William J. Ward, III