Abstract: A method to use diesel fuel alchohol micro emulsions (E-diesel) to provide a source of reductant to lower NOx emissions using selective catalytic reduction. Ethanol is stripped from the micro emulsion and entered into the exhaust gasses upstream of the reducing catalyst. The method allows diesel (and other lean-burn) engines to meet new, lower emission standards without having to carry separate fuel and reductant tanks.

Abstract: Provided for herein is a temperature sensor and methods of making and using the same. In one embodiment, the temperature sensor comprises: a cover plate disposed at a first end of a substrate to form an interface portion; a sensing element disposed between the cover plate and the substrate to form an assembly; wherein the cover plate and substrate have relative dimensions so as to form a ledge at the first end; and wherein the cover plate is attached to the substrate at the ledge. In anther embodiment, the temperature sensor comprises: a cover plate disposed at a first end of a substrate to form an interface portion, a sensing element disposed between the cover plate and the substrate to form an assembly, and a seal disposed to inhibit fluid communication between the sensing element a gas to be temperature sensed, wherein fluid communication is retained between the sensing element and an external environment.

Abstract: AC to DC inverters that are formed from electronic switches, such as MOSFETs, that are controlled by gating pulses obtained from comparators. The comparators compare a varying signal against two closely spaced reference voltages so as to provide gating pulses with delays needed to prevent shoot-through in the electronic switches.

Abstract: An independently housed trim resistor including a trim resistor having a resistive element and a plurality of conductive pads, wherein the plurality of conductive pads are disposed so as to be communicated with the resistive element, a plurality of lead wires, wherein the plurality of lead wires are disposed so as to be communicated with and terminated at the plurality of conductive pads and a resistor housing, the resistor housing having a housing body and a housing top, wherein the housing body defines a resistor cavity for containing the trim resistor and wherein the housing top includes a trim opening disposed so as to allow communication with the resistive element and a method for fabricating an independently housed trim resistor including obtaining a first lead wire, a second lead wire and a trim resistor, wherein the trim resistor includes a resistive element and a plurality of conductive pads, obtaining a resistor housing having a housing top and a housing body, wherein the housing body defines a resi

Abstract: Provided for herein is a temperature sensor and methods of making and using the same. In one embodiment, the temperature sensor comprises: a cover plate disposed at a first end of a substrate to form an interface portion; a sensing element disposed between the cover plate and the substrate to form an assembly; wherein the cover plate and substrate have relative dimensions so as to form a ledge at the first end; and wherein the cover plate is attached to the substrate at the ledge.

Abstract: An update management system provides access to software updates (patches and upgrades) and to an update catalog server. The catalog server includes a chronology generator. When a request for an update family tree for a target update is received, the chronology generator accesses an index to find the database and record number for the target update. The record is retrieved, indicating updates superseded by the target update and updates superseding the target update. Records for the superseded and superseding updates are, in turn, retrieved. The process is iterated until there are no further superseding and no superseded updates indicated. The succession relations indicated in the retrieved records are arranged into a family tree for the target patch. The family tree can be used (along with dependency data) to help determine an update for a given workstation that optimizes performance and compatibility. Optionally, the family tree can be used to generate an update state list to assist in the optimization.

Abstract: A method and apparatus are provided for mapping multiple address spaces into a single bus, such as a single peripheral component interconnect (PCI) bus. The single bus is coupled to a first processor complex and a second processor complex. An original address of a memory access is shifted to a unique address space for each originator/target of an operation. The shifted address is used on the single bus. Then the shifted address is shifted back to the original address for completing the operation on a destination bus. The original address of a memory access is shifted to a unique address space for each originator/target of an operation using a respective predefined value (+X1, +X2, or +X3) for shifting the original address above a predefined boundary for each originator/target of the operation.

Abstract: A method of monitoring and controlling a power distribution system is provided. The power distribution system includes a plurality of circuit breakers, a plurality of node electronic units, and wherein each associated circuit breaker is electrically coupled with each respective node electronic unit. The system also includes at least one digital network, and at least one central control processing unit (CCPU) wherein each CCPU includes a first power system global information set, and each CCPU is communicatively coupled to the plurality of node electronic units. The method includes transmitting at least one digital message from each node electronic unit to each CCPU over a respective network, determining an operational state of the power distribution system from the digital message, and transmitting at least one multicast message from each CCPU to each node electronic unit such that the circuit breakers are operable from each CCPU.

Abstract: AC to DC inverters that are formed from electronic switches, such as MOSFETs, that are controlled by gating pulses obtained from comparators. The comparators compare a varying signal against two closely spaced reference voltages so as to provide gating pulses with delays needed to prevent shoot-through in the electronic switches.

Abstract: A protection system for a power distribution system is provided. The protection system includes a central computer, a plurality of data modules, and a data network. The data modules are each in communication with a different circuit breaker of the power distribution system. The data network communicates between the central computer and the plurality of data modules. The central computer sends an instruction to the plurality of data modules over the data network to aid in synchronization of sampling of a power condition at the plurality of data modules.

Abstract: A method for operating a power distribution system is provided. The power distribution system includes a plurality of components, and at least one node electronics unit coupled to at least one control processing unit. The method includes associating a unique identifier with at least one component class of the power distribution system, identifying each component based on the identifier, determining a specification associated with each identifier, and operating at least one of the node electronics unit and the control processing unit based on the determined specification.

Abstract: A method and system for determining a configuration of a redundant critical control system is provided. The method includes receiving power distribution system operating characteristic information, using a computer, determining a plurality of alternative configurations of the power distribution system that are consistent with the operating characteristic information and determining efficiency characteristics of each of the alternative configurations, and selecting a configuration from the plurality of alternative configurations. The system includes a computer system configured to receive power distribution system operating characteristic information, determine a plurality of alternative configurations of the power distribution system that are consistent with the operating characteristic information and determine life-cycle cost characteristics of each of the alternative configurations, and select a configuration from the plurality of alternative configurations.

Abstract: A method and system and a computer program for improving reliability of a centrally-controlled electrical protection system is provided. The method includes identifying at least one component of the centrally-controlled power distribution system, obtaining at least one of reliability data and reparability data for each at least one component of the centrally-controlled power distribution system, and constructing a reliability block diagram for each functional category. The computer system and computer program code segment are configured to implement the method for improving reliability of a centrally-controlled electrical protection system architecture based on sensitivity analysis.

Abstract: A method and system for monitoring and controlling a power distribution system is provided. The system includes a plurality of circuit breakers and a plurality of node electronic units. Each node electronic unit is mounted remotely from an associated circuit breaker that is electrically coupled with one of the node electronic units. The system also includes a first digital network, and a first central control unit. The first central control unit and the plurality of node electronic units are communicatively coupled to the first digital network. The method includes receiving digital signals from each node electronic unit at the central control unit, determining an operational state of the power distribution system from the digital signal, and transmitting digital signals to the plurality of node electronic units such that the circuit breakers are operable from the first central control unit.

Abstract: An exhaust gas sensor is provided and formed by attaching the sensor's upper shield and shell. The attachment is attained by bending a protruding segment or lip over a terminal end portion of the lower shield. This produces a single sealing surface and eliminates the requirement of a conventional crimp which places high compressive forces on the sensing element.

Abstract: AC to DC inverters that are formed from electronic switches, such as MOSFETs, that are controlled by gating pulses obtained from comparators. The comparators compare a varying signal against two closely spaced reference voltages so as to provide gating pulses with delays needed to prevent shoot-through in the electronic switches.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing a planar temperature sensor including disposing a thick amount of a material having a temperature coefficient of resistance of greater than about 800 parts per million and a natural resistance of above about 5 micro-ohm-centimeters on a substrate, measuring a resistance value of said material, and setting a laser trimming device to ablate material consistent with achieving an inputted resistance value.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a planar exhaust gas sensor for sensing the partial pressure of a gas in an exhaust. The sensing element has a modified, non-rectangular overall geometry. A terminal end of the element, onto which external sensor circuits can be attached, has a larger width than a sensor end of the element, in which is located the sensing cell. The reduced size of the sensor end of the element relative allows for more rapid attainment of operating temperature and lower energy consumption.

Abstract: The protective shield arrangement for an exhaust sensor and method of making and using the same is achieved by providing a protective shield for an exhaust gas sensor that comprises a porous mesh material formed as a cap for placement over an end portion of a sensing element. This is formed by a method that comprises providing a unitary piece of the mesh material, and folding the mesh material to form the cap. Thereby, gas passes through the tortuous pathway created by the mesh material to be sensed by the sensor.