Abstract: An ESD protection circuit for over-voltage signal bus is disclosed that includes a diode circuit that is electrically connected to a pseudo power supply circuit. The pseudo power supply circuit includes a pseudo first power supply line coupling to an actual first power supply line having a first voltage supply level and a pseudo second power supply line coupling to an actual second power supply line having a second voltage supply level. The pseudo first power supply line and the pseudo second power supply line are clamped by an ESD clamping circuit such that the ESD protection circuit discharges voltage when an ESD event occurs, and does not interfere with the internal circuit when an over-voltage occurs.

Abstract: A computer-implemented system and method are provided for selecting practice exam questions that reflects the focus of actual exam, a student's preferences, and the student's past performance in particular topics. The system and method are particularly useful for assisting students preparing for an exam, but may be used in general for computerized education. Actual exam information, a student's past performance data and preferences are represented as data tables inside the computer memory. Such past performance data may include an accuracy ratio and the average time spent per question for each topic. A formula is applied to evaluate these data to obtain a numeric measure of the importance of each preferred exam practice topic. The number of practice questions to select per topic is determined based on the numeric measure. Questions from a set of practice questions are selected randomly or deterministically for each topic.

Abstract: A computer-implemented system and method are provided for selecting practice exam questions that reflects the focus of actual exam, a student's preferences, and the student's past performance in particular topics. The system and method are particularly useful for assisting students preparing for an exam, but may be used in general for computerized education. Actual exam information, a student's past performance data and preferences are represented as data tables inside the computer memory. Such past performance data may include an accuracy ratio and the average time spent per question for each topic. A formula is applied to evaluate these data to obtain a numeric measure of the importance of each preferred exam practice topic. The number of practice questions to select per topic is determined based on the numeric measure. Questions from a set of practice questions are selected randomly or deterministically for each topic.