Abstract: Embodiments of the present invention relate to flame resistant fabrics formed with inherently flame resistant fibers that provide the requisite thermal and arc protection, that have improved comfort, and that, in some embodiments, are less expensive than other fabrics formed with inherently flame resistant fibers. Improved comfort and lower cost can be achieved by predominantly locating the inherently flame resistant fibers on the front face of the fabric to impart the requisite thermal and arc protection and predominantly locating the more comfortable (and less expensive) fibers on the back face of the fabric positioned next to the wearer. In this way, overall protection of the fabric is maintained while improving comfort. Some embodiments of such fabrics may also achieve NFPA 70E PPE Category 2 protection.

Abstract: The invention relates to an improved method of presulfurizing a sulfidable metal oxide(s)-containing catalyst which minimizes sulfur stripping upon start-up of a reactor and improves catalyst activity. The method consists of contacting a sulfidable metal oxide(s)-containing catalyst with elemental sulfur at a temperature such that said elemental sulfur is substantially incorporated in the pores of said catalyst by sublimation and/or melting and heating the sulfur-incorporated catalyst in the presence of a liquid olefinic hydrocarbon at a temperature greater than about 150.degree. C.

Abstract: The invention relates to an unproved method of presulfurizing a sulfidable metal oxide(s)-containing catalyst which minimizes sulfur stripping upon start-up of a reactor and improves catalyst activity. The method consists of contacting a sulfidable metal oxide(s)-containing catalyst with elemental sulfur at a temperature such that said elemental sulfur is substantially incorporated in the pores of said catalyst by sublimation and/or melting and heating the sulfur-incorporated catalyst in the presence of a liquid olefinic hydrocarbon at a temperature greater than about 150.degree. C.

Abstract: The invention relates to an improved method of presulfurizing a sulfidable metal oxide(s)-containing catalyst which minimizes sulfur stripping upon start-up of a reactor and improves catalyst activity. The method consists of contacting a sulfidable metal oxide(s)-containing catalyst with elemental sulfur at a temperature such that said elemental sulfur is substantially incorporated in the pores of said catalyst by sublimation and/or melting and heating the sulfur-incorporated catalyst in the presence of a liquid olefinic hydrocarbon at a temperature greater than about 150.degree. C.

Abstract: An improved method of presulfiding a hydrotreating or hydrocracking catalyst which minimizes sulfur stripping upon start-up of a hydrotreating or hydrocracking reactor utilizing such a catalyst. The method comprises the steps of contacting a hydrotreating or hydrocracking catalyst with elemental sulfur at a temperature below the melting point of sulfur, thereby forming a sulfur-catalyst mixture, and heating the sulfur-catalyst mixture to a temperature above the melting point of sulfur. Preferably, the sulfur-catalyst mixture is first mixed with at least one member selected from the group consisting of high boiling oils and hydrocarbon solvents to form a prewet mixture prior to heating at a temperature above the melting point of sulfur. Tail gas treating catalysts are also presulfided by these methods.

Abstract: A process is provided for hydrotreating hydrocarbon oils having a tendency to deactivate hydrotreating catalysts by coke formation, said oils selected from the group consisting of(a) oils having a final boiling point greater than about 1000.degree. F. and containing less than about 2% by weight of heptane asphaltenes,(b) oils having a final boiling point from about 650.degree. F. to about 1000.degree. F. and(c) mixtures thereof, which comprises:passing said oils downwardly with a hydrogen-containing gas into a hydrotreating zone over a stacked-bed of two hydrotreating catalysts under conditions suitable to convert greater than about 25% of the sulfur compounds present to H.sub.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for removing color or color inducing impurities to petroleum derived wax by means of an adsorbent comprising a refined inorganic oxide having a pore distribution such that at least 60% of the pores possess a size of less than 350 Angstroms. Preferably, at least 90% of the pores possess a size of less than 350 Angstroms. The preferred inorganic oxide is an aluminum oxide and preferably has a surface area between 200 square meters per gram and 500 square meters per gram. A process is also disclosed for wax finishing utilizing multiple beds of refined alumina which may be operated in a swing bed fashion to intimately regenerate the refined alumina absorbent by such procedural steps as naphtha soaking, steam treating and heating in air.

Abstract: A method for preparing hydrotreating catalysts containing Group VIII and/or Group VIB catalytically active metals on a support, and particularly those containing nickel and molybdenum, are improved in hydrodenitrification (HDN) activity by incorporating zero-valence molybdenum and/or tungsten carbonyls into the catalyst support by mixing a liquid mixture containing metal carbonyl(s); a catalytic amount of dienes, trienes or monoaromatics; and free sulfur; with a dried catalyst support and heating the liquid-solid mixture until metal carbonyl conversion to metal disulfide is substantially complete. The catalyst is then dried followed by calcining in inert gas, before use in a hydrotreating process.

Abstract: A process is provided for converting pitch-containing residual hydrocarbon oils containing asphaltenes, sulfur and nitrogen compounds and heavy metals into distillate fuels, which comprises: mixing from about 5-60% v residual oils with catalytic cracking feedstock and with hydrogen and passing said mixture downwardly into a hydrotreating zone over a stackedbed catalyst under conditions suitable to convert from about 45-75% of the sulfur compounds present in the mixture to H.sub.2 S; wherein said stacked bed comprises an upper bed consisting of from about 15-85 % v, basis total catalyst, of a high-activity hydrotreating catalyst which contains from about 2-4% w nickel, from about 8-15% w molybdenum and from about 2-4% w phosphorus supported on a carrier consisting mostly of alumina, and a lower bed of a high-activity, hydrodesulfurization catalyst consisting of from about 2-4% w cobalt and/or nickel, from about 8-15% w molybdenum and less than about 0.

Abstract: A method is disclosed for preparing a supported hydrogenation metal catalyst containing one each of Mo or W and of Co and/or Ni incorporated into a suitable support. An aqueous impregnating solution containing the desired quantity of catalytically active metals and having a pH in the range of about 0.7-2.7 is prepared containing (1) at least one each of a soluble compound of molybdenum or tungsten and a compound of cobalt and/or nickel; (2) a solubilizing amount of about 0.2-1.0 mole of phosphorous per mole Mo or W; and (3) about 2-6% w basis support, of a suitable soluble amine compound, such as amine alcohols, polyamines and amine acids. A suitable support, e.g., alumina, silica or silica-alumina, is then impregnated with the metals-containing solution. After impregnation the support is dried and calcined. This preparation method significantly increases the hydrodenitrification activity of the resulting catalyst in a hydrocarbon hydroconversion process.