Abstract: Methods for identifying individuals who are not yet diabetic (pre-diabetic), but who are at significant risk of developing diabetes, such as type 2 diabetes, are disclosed herein. Methods are also provided for the identification of diabetic subjects. Also disclosed are methods for identifying individuals with diabetic complications. The methods include the identification of an overall glycosylation profile of proteins in a biological fluid, such as saliva, urine, or serum. In some examples, the methods include determining the amount of one or more protein in a biological fluid or determining the glycosylation pattern of one or more proteins in a biological fluid.

Abstract: Methods for identifying individuals who are not yet diabetic (pre-diabetic), but who are at significant risk of developing diabetes, such as type 2 diabetes, are disclosed herein. Methods are also provided for the identification of diabetic subjects. Also disclosed are methods for identifying individuals with diabetic complications. The methods include the identification of an overall glycosylation profile of proteins in a biological fluid, such as saliva, urine, or serum. In some examples, the methods include determining the amount of one or more protein in a biological fluid or determining the glycosylation pattern of one or more proteins in a biological fluid.

Abstract: Methods for identifying individuals who are not yet diabetic (pre-diabetic), but who are at significant risk of developing diabetes, such as type 2 diabetes, are disclosed herein. Methods are also provided for the identification of diabetic subjects. Also disclosed are methods for identifying individuals with diabetic complications. The methods include the identification of an overall glycosylation profile of proteins in a biological fluid, such as saliva, urine, or serum. In some examples, the methods include determining the amount of one or more protein in a biological fluid or determining the glycosylation pattern of one or more proteins in a biological fluid.

Abstract: Non-invasive methods are provided herein for the diagnosis of pre-diabetes and diabetes using biomarkers identified in a biological fluid, such as saliva. These biomarkers can be identified using proteomic methods, including but not limited to antibody based methods, such as an enzyme-linked immunosorbant assay (ELISA), a radioimmunoassay (RIA), or a lateral flow immunoassay.

Abstract: Methods for identifying individuals who are not yet diabetic (pre-diabetic), but who are at significant risk of developing diabetes, such as type 2 diabetes, are disclosed herein. Methods are also provided for the identification of diabetic subjects. Also disclosed are methods for identifying individuals with diabetic complications. The methods include the identification of an overall glycosylation profile of proteins in a biological fluid, such as saliva, urine, or serum. In some examples, the methods include determining the amount of one or more protein in a biological fluid or determining the glycosylation pattern of one or more proteins in a biological fluid.

Abstract: Methods for identifying individuals who are not yet diabetic (pre-diabetic), but who are at significant risk of developing diabetes, such as type 2 diabetes, are disclosed herein. Methods are also provided for the identification of diabetic subjects. Also disclosed are methods for identifying individuals with diabetic complications. The methods include the identification of an overall glycosylation profile of proteins in a biological fluid, such as saliva, urine, or serum. In some examples, the methods include determining the amount of one or more protein in a biological fluid or determining the glycosylation pattern of one or more proteins in a biological fluid.

Abstract: Methods for identifying individuals who are not yet diabetic (pre-diabetic), but who are at significant risk of developing diabetes, such as type 2 diabetes, are disclosed herein. Methods are also provided for the identification of diabetic subjects. Also disclosed are methods for identifying individuals with diabetic complications. The methods include the identification of an overall glycosylation profile of proteins in a biological fluid, such as saliva, urine, or serum. In some examples, the methods include determining the amount of one or more protein in a biological fluid or determining the glycosylation pattern of one or more proteins in a biological fluid.

Abstract: Methods for identifying individuals who are not yet diabetic (pre-diabetic), but who are at significant risk of developing diabetes, such as type 2 diabetes, are disclosed herein. Methods are also provided for the identification of diabetic subjects. Also disclosed are methods for identifying individuals with diabetic complications. The methods include the identification of an overall glycosylation profile of proteins in a biological fluid, such as saliva, urine, or serum. In some examples, the methods include determining the amount of one or more protein in a biological fluid or determining the glycosylation pattern of one or more proteins in a biological fluid.

Abstract: Non-invasive methods are provided herein for the diagnosis of pre-diabetes and diabetes using biomarkers identified in a biological fluid, such as saliva. These biomarkers can be identified using proteomic methods, including but not limited to antibody based methods, such as an enzyme-linked immunosorbant assay (ELISA), a radioimmunoassay (RIA), or a lateral flow immunoassay.

Abstract: This disclosure provides an intracellular fragment of natriuretic peptide receptor A (NPRA), referred to herein as soluble natriuretic peptide receptor-related fragment (sNRF). It is shown herein that sNRF causes NP resistance. Based on these observations, methods of treating a cardiovascular disorder by inhibiting the activity of sNRF are disclosed. Assays are provided that use sNRF to screen agents for their ability to increase the biological activity of an NPR, for example agents that increase the sensitivity of NPR for NPs (such as atrial natriuretic peptide, ANP), or that decrease growth factor deleterious effects, or combinations thereof. Also provided are agents identified using the disclosed assays, and methods of using the agents, for example to treat or diagnose a cardiovascular disorder, such as heart failure.

Abstract: Methods for identifying individuals who are not yet diabetic (pre-diabetic), but who are at significant risk of developing diabetes, such as type 2 diabetes, are disclosed herein. Methods are also provided for the identification of diabetic subjects. Also disclosed are methods for identifying individuals with diabetic complications. The methods include the identification of an overall glycosylation profile of proteins in a biological fluid, such as saliva, urine, or serum. In some examples, the methods include determining the amount of one or more protein in a biological fluid or determining the glycosylation pattern of one or more proteins in a biological fluid.

Abstract: This disclosure provides an intracellular fragment of natriuretic peptide receptor A (NPRA), referred to herein as soluble natriuretic peptide receptor-related fragment (sNRF). It is shown herein that sNRF causes NP resistance. Based on these observations, methods of treating a cardiovascular disorder by inhibiting the activity of sNRF are disclosed. Assays are provided that use sNRF to screen agents for their ability to increase the biological activity of an NPR, for example agents that increase the sensitivity of NPR for NPs (such as atrial natriuretic peptide, ANP), or that decrease growth factor deleterious effects, or combinations thereof. Also provided are agents identified using the disclosed assays, and methods of using the agents, for example to treat or diagnose a cardiovascular disorder, such as heart failure.

Abstract: The present invention discloses for the first time that the insulin receptor (IR) is a target of Herstatin, which modulates IR and IR-mediated intracellular signaling. In preferred aspects, Herstatin binds at nM concentrations to cell-surface IR, up-regulates basal IR expression by several-fold, induces the accumulation of pro-IR, and stimulates insulin activation of the ERK pathway. Moreover, these changes in insulin signaling are accompanied by alterations in IGF-IR expression, IRS-2 levels, and the serine phosphorylation state of both IRS-1 and IRS-2.

Abstract: A system for preventing upward migration of contaminants in soil having capillary pores defined therein, the system comprising the soil and a hydrophobic substance applied to the soil, the substance being attracted to enter the capillary pores so that a barrier is formed which, under unsaturated soil conditions, prevents the upward migration of contaminants carried by water through the capillary pores in the soil.

Abstract: A process for removing water-soluble contaminates from soil includes laying a mat over and in contact with the contaminated soil, applying water to the soil, permitting the water to be transferred from the soil to the mat, permitting the contaminants to be carried via the water into the mat, and permitting the water to be evaporated from the mat so that the contaminants precipitate in the mat.

Abstract: A system and method for removing light non-aqueous liquids via a wellbore from at least a water-saturated subterranean zone using an oleophilic absorbent wick by positioning the wick in a wellbore extending from the surface through at least a portion of the subterranean water-saturated zone; reducing the pressure in the wellbore and removing vaporized light non-aqueous liquids from the wellbore.