Abstract: Systems for forming or extending a tunnel or shaft within geologic material may include a ram accelerator assembly for accelerating one or more projectiles into geologic material to weaken a region of the geologic material. The projectile(s) pre-condition the geologic material, such as by forming one or more holes in a central region of the material or to define a perimeter of the region to be displaced. A cutting tool or subsequent projectile impacts may then be used to remove the weakened material. The voids formed by the first projectile(s) cause compressive forces from subsequent impacts or cutting operations to be converted to tension forces that more efficiently break geologic material, which may fall into the voids created by the first projectile(s). The voids created by the projectile impacts may also control the material that is removed and the shape of a resulting section of the tunnel or shaft.

Abstract: Boreholes used for generating geothermal energy or other purposes are formed at least in part by accelerating projectiles toward geologic material. Interaction between a projectile and the geologic material may generate debris or other material. The temperature of this generated material may be used to determine the potential for generation of geothermal energy using the borehole. Based on the temperature of the material, a fluid having a different temperature than that of the material is provided into the borehole for generation of power using geothermal energy.

Abstract: Systems for forming or extending a tunnel or shaft within geologic material may include a ram accelerator assembly for accelerating one or more projectiles into geologic material to weaken a region of the geologic material. The projectile(s) pre-condition the geologic material, such as by forming one or more holes in a central region of the material or to define a perimeter of the region to be displaced. A cutting tool or subsequent projectile impacts may then be used to remove the weakened material. The voids formed by the first projectile(s) cause compressive forces from subsequent impacts or cutting operations to be converted to tension forces that more efficiently break geologic material, which may fall into the voids created by the first projectile(s). The voids created by the projectile impacts may also control the material that is removed and the shape of a resulting section of the tunnel or shaft.

Abstract: Methods for generating boreholes used for generating geothermal energy or other purposes include forming the borehole by accelerating a projectile into contact with geologic material. Interaction between the projectile and the geologic material generates an acoustic signal, such as vibrations within the formation, that is detected using acoustic sensors along a drilling conduit, at the surface, or within a separate borehole. Characteristics of the geologic material, such as hardness, porosity, or the presence of fractures, may be determined based on characteristics of the acoustic signal. The direction in which the borehole is extended may be modified based on the characteristics of the geologic material, such as to create a borehole that intersects one or more fractures for generation of geothermal energy.

Abstract: Methods for generating boreholes used for generating geothermal energy or other purposes include forming the borehole by accelerating a projectile into contact with geologic material. Interaction between the projectile and the geologic material generates an acoustic signal, such as vibrations within the formation, that is detected using acoustic sensors along a drilling conduit, at the surface, or within a separate borehole. Characteristics of the geologic material, such as hardness, porosity, or the presence of fractures, may be determined based on characteristics of the acoustic signal. The direction in which the borehole is extended may be modified based on the characteristics of the geologic material, such as to create a borehole that intersects one or more fractures for generation of geothermal energy.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a channeled wall fluid apparatus (2) is disclosed. The method includes the step of providing at least one rib (16) on one of either a liner (8) having a length or an interior surface of at least a first mold (18). The method also includes the step of placing the first mold around the liner to form a gap (78) between the first mold and the liner. A removable casting material (24) is inserted within the gap. The method also includes removing the removable casting material from within the gap to form at least one channel (14) extending at least a portion of the length of the liner.

Abstract: A positioning method and fixture apparatus for use in such method for painting or coating a vehicle body panel, such as a plastic composite deck lid, when mounted on a pair of existing spring-counterbalanced arms of deck lid hinges. In the method, the apparatus is used to releasably retain and position the deck lid by forces applied directly at the hinges rather than to the deck lid. A rigid transverse main strut of the fixture laterally spans the body panel between the hinges and carries a pair of hook members rigidly affixed to its ends that are releasably attached one to each associated hinge arm. A secondary strut extends rearwardly from the main strut and has a slide bolt latch that is releasably engaged to the rear underside edge of the deck lid to secure the fixture unitarily to the deck lid at three points.

Abstract: A positioning method and fixture apparatus for use in painting or coating a vehicle body panel, such as a plastic composite deck lid, when mounted on a pair of existing spring-counterbalanced arms of deck lid hinges. The method and apparatus releasably retains and positions the deck lid by forces applied directly at the hinges rather than to the deck lid. A rigid transverse main strut of the fixture laterally spans the body panel between the hinges and carries a pair of hook members rigidly affixed to its ends that releasably attach one to each associated hinge arm. A secondary strut extends rearwardly from the main strut and has a slide bolt latch to releasably engage the rear underside edge of the deck lid stationary against lid-opening counterbalancing spring forces, and to secure the fixture unitarily to the deck lid at three points. A lid manipulating arm pivotally carded on the secondary strut has spaced notch hooks to hold the deck lid in selected partially open positions for coating application.

Abstract: The pump is formed by a body having a cavity with a piston chamber in which a piston is reciprocated. A rotatable crank shaft is provided to reciprocate the piston along inward and outward strokes to draw ammonia into the pump by way of an inlet and then to pump the ammonia out by way of an outlet. A diaphragm in a diaphragm chamber is provided to separate the ammonia from the piston and piston chamber. One side of the diaphragm is in fluid communication with the piston chamber and the other side is in fluid communication with the inlet and outlet. A liquid is provided for flow into and out of the piston chamber to cause the diaphragm to move inward and outward to cause the suction and pumping action for the ammonia as the piston reciprocates in its inward and outward strokes.

Abstract: The pump is formed by a body having a cavity with a cylindrical chamber in which a piston is reciprocated toward and away from an inlet and outlet aperture. A crank shaft extends through an aperture formed through the piston transverse to its axis and through opposite walls of the cavity. The crank shaft has a cam located in the piston aperture. Upon rotation of the crank shaft, the cam alternately engages opposite facing cam surfaces of the piston in the piston aperture to reciprocate the piston to draw fluid into the chamber from an inlet path and then to pump the fluid out through an outlet path. The piston has spaced apart O-rings on its outer wall which engage the chamber wall upon reciprocation of the piston.