Abstract: A high temperature electrochemical cell includes a solid electrolyte separating a cathode and an anode, an anode flow field adjacent the anode, a cathode flow field, having an exhaust gas stream pathway, downstream from the cathode, and a thermal management system including a controller programmed to, in response to the exhaust gas stream temperature input, activate at least one component, configured to reduce temperature of the exhaust gas stream to a temperature within a threshold range corresponding to a temperature range promoting condensation of Cr-containing gas into solid, liquid, or aqueous Cr2O3 and H2CrO4, the high temperature electrochemical cell having an operating temperature of about 600-1000° C.

Abstract: An electrochemical cell includes a membrane, a catalyzed electrode facing the membrane, the electrode including a magnetic electrocatalyst in contact with an ionomer, an electromagnet, and a controller programmed to activate the electromagnet to form an oscillating magnetic field arranged to selectively increase temperature of the magnetic electrocatalyst, based on one or more conditions, to increase kinetics of a reaction at the catalyzed electrode or remove water from the electrode.

Abstract: A propane gas-utilizing system includes a housing having propane gas and a propane leakage prevention material having a catalyst, scavenger, and/or oxidizer of the propane gas arranged in the housing and including at least one of (a) an oxide material having at least one composition of formula (I): Ru1-xMxO2 (I), where 0<x?0.1 and M is Ag, K, Pt, Rh, or Ir, or (b) an oxide material having at least one composition of formula (II): Co3-xMxO4 (II), where 0<x?0.3, and M is Pd, Cu, or Sr, or (c) an oxide material having at least one composition of formula (III): MM?xOy (III), where x is a stoichiometric ratio of M? to M, 0?x?1.5, y is a stoichiometric ratio of O to M, 1?y?3, M is an alkali metal, and M? (if x>0) is Y, Ce, Nb, Ta, La, Nd, Mn, Ag, Au, or Cr.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a structure for power electronics which includes epitaxially growing a GaN semiconductor layer is provided. The method includes growing buffer layers formed of AlN and AlxGa(1-x)N, wherein 0<x<1, on a Si substrate before growing the semiconductor layer on the buffer layers. The method also includes growing deformation compensation layers formed of SiO2, SiCxN(1-x), SiN, SiCxO(1-x), SiC, SiNxO(1-x), Al2O3, and/or Cr2O3, wherein 0<x<1, on the substrate opposite the semiconductor layer. The deformation compensation layers compensate for deformation of the structure that occurs while growing the semiconductor and buffer layers and deformation that occurs while cooling the structure. The method further includes estimating epitaxial growth stress, interface stress, and thermal stress of the structure, and adjusting the temperature and or thickness of the layers based on the estimated epitaxial growth stress, interface stress, and/or thermal stress.

Abstract: A machine learning simulation method of determining a physical state of interaction between atoms from one or more physical properties of the atoms is disclosed. The method includes dynamically evolving the atoms via a classical force field or a first model having a first accuracy during a first period of the machine learning simulation, dynamically evolving chemical reactions of the atoms via a second model having a second accuracy higher than the first accuracy during a second period of the machine learning simulation, and identifying a flagging event to start and/or stop the second period of the machine learning simulation. The evolving simulation may be used to determine the physical state of interaction between the atoms. The physical state of interaction between the atoms may be used to control the chemical system.

Abstract: A machine learning interatomic potential (MLIP) method of determining a physical state of interaction between atoms from one or more physical properties of the atoms is disclosed. The method includes assigning a charge qi to a first subset of atoms via the MLIP dependent on a nonconstant field generated by a second subset of atoms having a charge qj to determine the physical state of interaction between the atoms. The method may include using the physical state of interaction between the atoms to control the chemical system.

Abstract: A machine learning interatomic potential (MLIP) method of determining a physical state of interaction between a system of atoms from one or more physical properties of the atoms. The method includes dynamically evolving a first subset of the atoms via the MLIP within a central region based on the one or more physical properties of the atoms in a number of simulation steps while fixing a second subset of the atoms surrounding the central region in a shell during at least a portion of the number of simulation steps to determine the physical state of interaction between the atoms. The physical state of interaction between the atoms may be used to control a chemical system.

Abstract: A machine learning simulation method of determining a physical state of interaction between atoms from one or more physical properties of the atoms is disclosed. The method including dynamically evolving a first subset of atoms via a first machine learning model within a central high-fidelity region based on the one or more physical properties of the atoms. The method further includes dynamically evolving a second subset of the atoms via a second machine learning model with a remaining low-fidelity region based on the one or more physical properties of the atoms. The method also includes dynamically evolving a third subset of atoms located between the central high-fidelity region and the remaining low-fidelity region based on an interpolation of the first and second machine learning models to determine the physical state between the atoms.

Abstract: A venthole of a micromechanical device is sealed with laser irradiation. A micromechanical device has a substrate, such as silicon. The substrate has an upper surface, and defines a venthole leading to a chamber that contains a device, and a trench extending downward from the upper surface and located offset from the venthole. A laser pulse is applied to the substrate at or within the trench. This causes a portion of the substrate located below the upper surface to melt and travel laterally to close off and seal the venthole laterally from beneath the upper surface.

Abstract: An electrolyzer system includes an anticorrosive, conductive material including a first oxide having oxygen vacancies and a formula (Ia): MgTi2O5-? (Ia), where ? is any number between 0 and 3 including a fractional part denoting the oxygen vacancies; and a second oxide having a formula (II): TiaOb (II), where 1<=a<=20 and 1<=b<=30, optionally including a fractional part, the first and second oxides of formulas (Ia) and (II) forming a polycrystalline matrix within the electrolyzer system.

Abstract: A tribological system includes a tribological contact area including a first tribological contact surface of a first mechanical component and a second tribological contact surface of a second mechanical component, the first and second mechanical components being in relative motion with respect to each other; an external circuit connected to the first and second mechanical components and providing Joule heating; and an additive in contact with the tribological contact area, the additive having a first viscosity in a first state before the external circuit is activated, a second viscosity in a second state when the external circuit is activated to produce Joule heating, and a third viscosity in a third state when the external circuit is deactivated after activation, the second viscosity being lower than the third viscosity.

Abstract: An electrochemical cell catalyst state of health monitoring device. The device includes a first magnetic device adjacent a first side of a first catalyst material associated with a first electrode. The device further includes a second magnetic device adjacent a second side of the first catalyst material. The first or second magnetic device is configured to generate a magnetic field. The other of the first and second magnetic devices is configured to receive a magnetic response from the first catalyst material. The device also includes a controller configured to receive the magnetic response and to determine magnetic response data of the first catalyst material in response to the magnetic response. The magnetic response data is indicative of a state of health.

Abstract: A method for controlling surface asperity during laser sealing of a membrane vent hole. The method includes applying a main pulse from a main laser to the membrane vent hole at a first time. The main pulse has a main pulse cross-sectional shape, a main pulse power profile, and a main pulse duration. The method further includes applying one or more supplemental pulses from one or more supplemental lasers to the membrane vent hole at a second time later than the first time. The one or more supplemental pulses have supplemental pulse cross-sectional shape(s), supplemental pulse power profile(s), and supplemental pulse duration(s). The first and second applying steps form a seal over the membrane vent hole. The seal includes a seal surface having a controlled surface asperity characteristic.

Abstract: An electrochemical cell active hydrogen capture and release system including a first zone having a target predetermined concentration of hydrogen c1 and housing: an electrical component, an adsorbing electrode including a hydrogen adsorbing material, a counter electrode separated from the adsorbing electrode, and an electric circuit connecting the adsorbing and counter electrodes to apply electrical bias configured to facilitate capture and release of hydrogen gas from the adsorbing electrode; and a second zone having a target predetermined concentration of hydrogen c2, c2 being greater than c1.

Abstract: A nanogap dielectric device including a substrate supporting a nano cathode and a nano anode separated from each other by a nanogap and a dielectric nano material located within the nanogap, the dielectric nano material comprising one or more compounds of formula (II): M1-x-yCrxOy??(II), where M is a metal, x is any number between 0.077 and 0.114 or 0.179 and 0.3, and y is any number between 0.618 and 0.75.

Abstract: A current conductor for use in an electrochemical device for removing ions from a solution. The current conductor includes a current conductor substrate having a current conductor surface. The current conductor also includes an anti-corrosive, anti-reactive coating coated onto the current conductor surface. The anti-corrosive, anti-reactive coating contains a material with a chemical composition of AOy, where A=Zr, Nb, Ti, or a combination thereof and 2<y<3; MxAOy, where M=Ca, Mg, Na, or a combination thereof, A=Zr, Nb, Ti, or a combination thereof, 0<x<2, and 2<y<3; MgCr2O4; or a combination thereof.

Abstract: An electrochemical cell active hydrogen capture and release system including a first zone having a target predetermined concentration of hydrogen c1 and housing: an electrical component, an adsorbing electrode including a hydrogen adsorbing material, a counter electrode separated from the adsorbing electrode, and an electric circuit connecting the adsorbing and counter electrodes to apply electrical bias configured to facilitate capture and release of hydrogen gas from the adsorbing electrode; and a second zone having a target predetermined concentration of hydrogen c2, c2 being greater than c1.

Abstract: The present disclosure is directed to a tire particulate collection device for a motor vehicle. A tire particulate collection device is disclosed having at least a first chamber which includes a first grate and, a first collection compartment where tire particulate or other debris are collected. The device also comprises a last chamber having a collection plate. The last chamber also has a last collection compartment that allows entry of tire particulate matter into the last collection compartment. During vehicle operation, the tire particulate matter is accelerated through the device due to an applied electric field induced by providing an electrical charge to at least the first grate and collection plate. The tire particulate is then collected within the device.

Abstract: Systems and methods for monitoring the quality of water or leaks within a household plumbing system via machine learning are provided. Appliances can be connected to a plumbing system, wherein each appliance includes one or more sensors configured to output sensor data regarding a property of the water being utilized by that appliance. A processor is programmed to receive the sensor data and establish boundaries of normal operation. Then, when additional sensor data is received, the processor uses machine learning to classify that sensor data as being either within normal operation, or outside the bounds of normal operation. If the sensor data indicates the water property is outside the bounds, an output signal can be generated to inform the user.

Abstract: A computational method for determining a location and an amount of a transition metal M in surface facets of a Pt—M alloy using a density functional theory includes receiving a particle size and a surface facet distribution of the Pt—M alloy and a total concentration of M in the Pt—M alloy; calculating a total number of M atoms in the Pt—M alloy based on the particle size and the surface facet distribution of the Pt—M alloy and the total concentration of M in the Pt—M alloy; and predicting a mixing energy between Pt and at least one of the total number of M atoms in a subsurface layer of each of the surface facets of the Pt—M alloy when Pt is mixed with the at least one of the total number of M atoms.