Abstract: Superficially porous particles are disclosed, each including a solid core and a layered porous shell. The layered porous shell includes a porous inner layer and at least one porous outer layer, a shell skeleton thickness greater than 1 nm, and constitutes from 10 vol % to 90 vol % of the plurality of superficially porous particles. The porous inner layer includes an inner layer thickness of less than 300 nm. The at least one porous outer layer includes a cumulative outer layer thickness ranging from 1 to 100 times the inner layer thickness, a predominately radial pore orientation, and an outer layer pore structure which is more organized than the inner layer pore structure. A layer-by-layer process for forming a plurality of superficially porous particles with layered structure is disclosed. A post-modification process for preparing a plurality of chromatographically enhanced superficially porous properties is also disclosed.

Abstract: A composition includes a hybrid ligand. The hybrid ligand includes an amine group, an amide group or a sulfonamide group, and hydroxyl groups. A first method includes providing a solution containing a first polar analyte and a second polar analyte, applying the solution to a stationary phase including an immobilized hybrid ligand, applying an elution solvent to the stationary phase such that the first polar analyte and the second polar analyte pass through the stationary phase with different elution times, and collecting the first polar analyte at a first elution time and collecting the second polar analyte at a second elution time after the first elution time. A device of a packed column, a cartridge, a tube, a well plate, a membrane, or a planar thin-layer chromatography plate includes a solid support and a hybrid ligand coupled to the solid support. A second method forms an immobilized hybrid ligand.

Abstract: A composition includes a hybrid ligand. The hybrid ligand includes an amine group, an amide group or a sulfonamide group, and hydroxyl groups. A first method includes providing a solution containing a first polar analyte and a second polar analyte, applying the solution to a stationary phase including an immobilized hybrid ligand, applying an elution solvent to the stationary phase such that the first polar analyte and the second polar analyte pass through the stationary phase with different elution times, and collecting the first polar analyte at a first elution time and collecting the second polar analyte at a second elution time after the first elution time. A device of a packed column, a cartridge, a tube, a well plate, a membrane, or a planar thin-layer chromatography plate includes a solid support and a hybrid ligand coupled to the solid support. A second method forms an immobilized hybrid ligand.

Abstract: Superficially porous particles are disclosed, each including a solid core and a layered porous shell. The layered porous shell includes a porous inner layer and at least one porous outer layer, a shell skeleton thickness greater than 1 nm, and constitutes from 10 vol % to 90 vol % of the plurality of superficially porous particles. The porous inner layer includes an inner layer thickness of less than 300 nm. The at least one porous outer layer includes a cumulative outer layer thickness ranging from 1 to 100 times the inner layer thickness, a predominately radial pore orientation, and an outer layer pore structure which is more organized than the inner layer pore structure. A layer-by-layer process for forming a plurality of superficially porous particles with layered structure is disclosed. A post-modification process for preparing a plurality of chromatographically enhanced superficially porous properties is also disclosed.