Abstract: A reciprocal impedance conversion network is disclosed. Such conversion network preferably is used in a reciprocal negative impedance repeater for the nonloaded cable facilities of a telephone system. Two independent voltage sources for generating reciprocal negative impedance are connected between a first port and a second port. The first port is operably connected to the first voltage source such that a series negative impedance appears at that port. This port is specifically connected to the switching equipment of the telephone system. The second port is operably connected to the second voltage source such that a shunt negative impedance appears at that port. The second port is specifically connected to the nonloaded cable facilities of the telephone system. The network further provides a frequency dependent gain circuit which is useful for equalizing the losses along the nonloaded cable facilities.

Abstract: A reciprocal impedance conversion network is disclosed. Such conversion network preferably is used in a reciprocal negative impedance repeater for the nonloaded cable facilities of a telephone system. Two independent voltage sources for generating reciprocal negative impedance are connected between a first port and a second port. The first port is operably connected to the first voltage source such that a series negative impedance appears at that port. This port is specifically connected to the switching equipment of the telephone system. The second port is operably connected to the second voltage source such that a shunt negative impedance appears at that port. The second port is specifically connected to the nonloaded cable facilities of the telephone system. The invention further provides a frequency dependent gain circuit which is useful for equalizing the losses along the nonloaded cable facilities.

Abstract: A reciprocal impedance conversion network is disclosed. Such conversion network preferably is used in a reciprocal negative impedance repeater for the nonloaded cable facilities of a telephone system. Two independent voltage sources for generating reciprocal negative impedance are connected between a first port and a second port. The first port is operably connected to the first voltage source such that a series negative impedance appears at that port. This port is specifically connected to the switching equipment of the telephone system. The second port is operably connected to the second voltage source such that a shunt negative impedance appears at that port. The second port is specifically connected to the nonloaded cable facilities of the telephone system. The invention further provides a frequency dependent gain circuit which is useful for equalizing the losses along the nonloaded cable facilities.

Abstract: An improved electronic hybrid circuit or terminating set provides toll-grade interfacing between two and four-wire voice frequency transmission facilities. The terminating set presents a fixed input impedance to, and common mode rejection to longitudinal noise on, the two-wire side of the facility, and either the same or a different fixed impedance at each of the transmit and receive input ports on the four-wire side of the facility.

Abstract: An electronic transformer is characterized by a pair of out of phase and bilateral current sources, the outputs from which are opposite in phase and control voltages across and currents through respective source and load impedances by combining the voltages in opposition through an amplifier that controls each current source. The electronic transformer has some properties which are essentially the same as those of a conventional magnetic transformer, except that there advantageously is no magnetic field and unwanted magnetic coupling with adjacent components, and the equivalents of leakage reactance, mutual reactance, turns ratio and/or impedance matching may be conveniently and accurately electronically controlled. In addition, the electronic transformer can readily be operated as a switched gain amplifier source, a negative impedance amplifier and/or a positive impedance network generator.

Abstract: An improved impedance canceller circuit, for use with two-wire transmission systems of the type encountered in telephony, is adapted to be interfaced with the wires and operates in a manner to effectively eliminate or cancel an unwanted impedance across the wires. The impedance canceller includes a current source, and essentially supplies on the wires all of the current that would otherwise be required by the unwanted impedance in response to a metallic voltage applied across the wires by a signal source, so that the signal source does not supply such current and the unwanted impedance appears as an open circuit to the metallic voltage. At the same time, the impedance canceller provides common mode rejection to longitudinal voltages on the wires.

Abstract: An improved impedance generator circuit, for use with two-wire transmission systems of the type encountered in telephony, is adapted to be interfaced with the wires and operates in a manner to effectively generate a desired positive or negative impedance across the wires. The impedance generator includes a current source, and generates a positive impedance by drawing from the wires all of the current that would otherwise be required by the positive impedance, or a negative impedance by providing on the wires all of the current that would otherwise be provided by the negative impedance, in response to a metallic voltage applied across the wires by a signal source. At the same time, the impedance generator provides common mode rejection to longitudinal voltages on the wires.

Abstract: An improved current source circuit is adapted for use with two-wire transmission systems of the type encountered in telephony, and has excellent common mode noise rejection. In its various embodiments, the current source provides an interface for coupling signals with a telephone pair, operates to cancel or negate the effect of unwanted impedances on the pair, generates a selected impedance across the pair, and functions as an electronic hybrid circuit for interfacing between a two and a four-wire telephone transmission facility, all while affording common mode rejection to noise on the line. In addition, the various embodiments of the current source are combined into an improved terminating set for a two to four-wire telephone transmission facility.

Abstract: A loop extender for adding a series-aiding boost voltage to a subscriber loop of a telephone system and having a d.c. boost voltage supply, an amplifier circiit having an active device connecting the voltage supply in series with a conductor of said loop for applying to the loop a magnitude of boost voltage that is dependent upon the gain of the amplifier circuit, and a further circuit, including a feedback for the amplifier circuit, for controlling the gain of said amplifier circuit in such a way that said gain is increased to cause an increase in the applied boost voltage in response to a rise in the magnitude of the loop current to a first predetermined threshold and/or in such a way that said gain is decreased to cause a decrease in the applied boost voltage in response to a decrease in the magnitude of the loop current to a second predetermined threshold.

Abstract: A circuit for varying the amplification afforded to a-c signals transmitted through a transmission line in accordance with the a-c losses of that transmission line. Gain control circuitry is provided which varies the magnitude of amplifying voltages and currents inserted into the transmission line in accordance with the a-c losses of that transmission line. The gain control circuitry is comprised of a line resistance sensor which establishes a control signal which is a function of the a-c losses of the transmission line. This control signal is applied to the remainder of the gain control circuitry to vary the magnitude of voltages and currents inserted into the transmission line in accordance with that control signal. As a result, the gain control circuit automatically adjusts the gain of a repeater in accordance with each transmission line connected thereto.

Abstract: A circuit for identifying which one of two parties has initiated a toll call. Circuitry connected to the subscriber drop of one party, e.g., the tip party of a two-party telephone line, generates a ground mark during the toll ticketing condition when that tip party has initiated a toll call. Loop current sensing circuitry senses the loop current flowing in the subscriber drop to the tip party. Voltage sensing circuitry senses the potential, with respect to ground, on each conductor of the telephone line. Switching circuitry applies a groundmark to the telephone line when loop current flow to the tip party has been interrupted and negative potential is applied to the tip conductor. Circuitry is also provided which prevents the application of a ground mark when a ringing voltage is applied to the line.

Abstract: A circuit for varying the amplification afforded to a-c signals transmitted through a transmission line in accordance with the a-c losses of that transmission line. Gain control circuitry is provided which varies the magnitude of amplifying voltages and currents inserted into the transmission line in accordance with the a-c losses of that transmission line. The gain control circuitry is comprised of a line resistance sensor which establishes a contol signal which is a function of the a-c losses of the transmission line. This control signal is applied to the remainder of the gain control circuitry to vary the magnitude of voltages and currents inserted into the transmission line in accordance with that control signal. As a result, the gain control circuitry automatically adjusts the gain of a repeater in accordance with each transmission line connected thereto.

Abstract: A circuit for varying the amplification afforded to a-c signals transmitted through a transmission line in accordance with the a-c losses of that transmission line. Gain control circuitry is provided which varies the magnitude of amplifying voltages and currents inserted into the transmission line in accordance with the a-c losses of that transmission line. The gain control circuitry is comprised of a line resistance sensor which establishes a control signal which is a function of the a-c losses of the transmission line. This control signal is applied to the remainder of the gain control circuitry to vary the magnitude of voltages and currents inserted into the transmission line in accordance with that control signal. As a result, the gain control circuitry automatically adjusts the gain of a repeater in accordance with each transmission line connected thereto.