Abstract: This invention relates to a process for preparing perylene pigment compositions by (a) reacting, at a temperature of less than about 25° C., a mixture of (1) a perylene tetracarboxylic compound, (2) at least about 0.1% by weight, relative to the perylene tetracarboxylic compound, of a surfactant of formula (I)  wherein R1, R2, R3, X, Y, Z, and Z′ are defined herein, (3) an equivalent excess, relative to the amount of the perylene tetracarboxylic compound, of ammonia or a primary amine RA—NH2, wherein RA is defined herein, and (4) optionally, a solvent,  to form a perylene intermediate; (b) heating the perylene intermediate at a temperature of about 50° C. to about 250° C., optionally in the presence of certain non-pigmentary cyclic anhydrides or imides and/or solvents; and (c) collecting the perylene pigment composition.

Abstract: This invention relates to a process for preparing pigment compositions by conditioning an organic pigment, at about 50 to about 200.degree. C., with(1) at least about 0.1% by weight, relative to the organic pigment, of one or more surfactants of formula (I) ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 is a C.sub.8 -C.sub.30 aliphatic group optionally having one or more carbon atoms in the main chain replaced with --O--, --S--, --CONH--, --NHCO--, --CH.dbd.CH--, C.sub.5 -C.sub.7 cycloalkylene, phenylene, or --OSi(C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl).sub.2 -,R.sup.2 is hydrogen, C.sub.1 -C.sub.6 alkyl, or C.sub.1 -C.sub.6 hydroxyalkyl,R.sup.3 is hydrogen, C.sub.1 -C.sub.6 alkyl, or C.sub.1 -C.sub.6 hydroxyalkyl, or R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 together are C.sub.4 -C.sub.7 alkylene, andX is a direct bond, or X and R.sup.2 form a five- to seven-membered heterocyclic ring (and R.sup.3 can form a double bond in X), or X, R.sup.2, and R.sup.

Abstract: This invention relates to a process for preparing pigment compositions by conditioning an organic pigment, at about 50 to about 200.degree. C., with(1) at least about 0.1% by weight, relative to the organic pigment, of one or more surfactants of formula (I) and/or formula (II) ##STR1## and/or ##STR2## wherein R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3, X, Y, Z, and Z' are defined herein; and (2) about 1 to about 100 parts by weight, per part by weight of the organic pigment, of a liquid in which the organic pigment is substantially insoluble.

Abstract: This invention relates to a process for preparing trimethine dyestuffs of the formula ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 is lower alkyl; R.sup.2 is hydrogen, alkyl, cycloalkyl, aryl, aralkyl, alkoxy, cycloalkoxy, aryloxy, aralkoxy, fluorinated alkyl, alkanoyl, aroyl, alkoxycarbonyl, aryloxycarbonyl, aralkoxycarbonyl, alkanoylamino, aroylamino, alkylaminocarbonyl, arylaminocarbonyl, alkoxycarbonylamino, alkylsulfonyl, arylsulfonyl, halogen, cyano, nitro, carbamoyl, or sulfonamido, or two R.sup.2 together form a fused benzene ring; n is an integer of from 1 to 4; and A.sup.- is an anion, by reacting a mixture of(a) an indoline compound of the formula ##STR2## (b) 1.25 to 1.8 parts by moles, based on the indoline compound, of acetic anhydride; and (c) 0.5 to 0.75 parts by moles, based on the indoline compound, of formic acid to form the dyestuff.

Abstract: The present invention is concerned with improving the solubility of anionic water soluble dyestuff powders. The solubility of these powders particularly in cold water, is enhanced by adding (i) a chelating agent which has at least two free acid groups and (ii) a Lewis base in an amount sufficient to bring the pH of the water solution of the powder to a value of about 7-10.

Abstract: The present disclosure is concerned with enhancing the solubility of dispersed anionic dyes upon the dilution of their dispersions with room temperature water. Concentrated dispersions of such dyes with acceptable stability and low shear viscosities are disclosed which are more readily diluted to dissolve the dispersed dyestuff because they contain certain chelating agents are described. These agents have at least one free or appropriately neutralized acid group, with carboxylic acid groups being preferred. The appropriae cations include ammonium or lithium ions. The free acid groups are subsequently neutralized with these appropriae cations so that the final dispersions are preferably about neutral, i.e have pH values about 7. A further improvement to the dilutability by the addition of a surfactant, preferably a non-ionic surfactant, is also discssed.

Abstract: The present disclosure is concerned with new modifications of the dyestuff Color Index Acid Blue 324 which have significant advantages over the known form of this dyestuff. In particular, the preferred modification is much easier to isolate from an aqueous medium by filtration and the isolated product has a higher purity. The filtration proceeds much more rapidly and gives a filter residue of a much higher solids content. Furthermore, this new form of the dyestuff imparts a dramatically lower viscosity to aqueous dispersions or slurries prepared from it than are obtained using the old form of this dyestuff. These modifications are obtained by heating an aqueous dispersion or slurry of the known form of Color Index Acid Blue 324 to temperatures in excess of about 97.degree. C. and for the preferred form in the presence of a substance which reduces the surface tension between the dispersed organic dyestuff phase and the aqueous dispersing medium.

Abstract: The present disclosure is concerned with aqueous dispersions of anionic acid dyes, especially the monosulphonated level dyeing acid dyes, which have low room temperature, low shear viscosities and good storage stability. This low viscosity enables them to be readily poured, pumped and otherwise handled. These dispersions comprise dyestuff solids with a controlled particle size distribution having a median value between about 1 and 10 microns; an anionic dispersant; and an electrolyte. In a preferred embodiment the pH is adjusted to give an optimum viscosity value. Another preferred feature is the adjustment of the rheology with a thickening agent such as xanthan gum. These dispersions find particular utility in the continuous dyeing of carpet, especially in Kuesters or foam dyeing equipment.

Abstract: This invention relates to the preparation of low foam generating and/or low dusting dyestuff or fluorescent whitening agent formulations by continuous introduction of defoaming and/or dedusting agents into the feed stream carrying the aqueous dyestuff or fluorescent whitening agent preparation to a drying apparatus.

Abstract: A process for making a wetting-dispersing agent whereby an aqueous mixture of a sulfonated lignin dispersing agent and an anionic or nonionic wetting agent in a weight ratio of dispersing agent to wetting agent of from about 19:1 to 1:3 are dried together to form a single product for use as a surfactant in pesticide formulations.