Abstract: High brightness durable retro-reflecting microspheres for retro-reflection and related uses (and a novel method of forming the same) is provided embodying a retro-reflective vitreous glass microsphere encapsulated in a hardened clear non-vitreous metal-oxide ceramic shell of substantially the same index of fraction as the microsphere.

Abstract: High brightness durable retro-reflecting microspheres for retro-reflection and related uses (and a novel method of forming the same) is provided embodying a retro-reflective vitreous glass microsphere encapsulated in a hardened clear non-vitreous metal-oxide ceramic shell of substantially the same index of fraction as the microsphere.

Abstract: A novel roadway or similar marker strip having preferably retro-reflective-beaded protuberances in a critical "herringbone"-like pattern that provides a surprising degree of azimuthal uniform omindirectionality of light reflected from the strip.

Abstract: An improved roadway marker rubber-like strip in which the upper layer is deformed into protruberances such as wedges or ridges, preferably provided with a coating of exposed retro-reflective beads, that have been cross-link-vulcanized to provide the same with memory that permits shape restoration following depression by vehicle traffic, and a cold-flow un-vulcanized bottom layer adhered to the roadway and conforming without memory to the same under vehicle traffic.

Abstract: An improved roadway marker rubber-like strip in which the upper layer is deformed into protruberances such as wedges or ridges, preferably provided with a coating of exposed retro-reflective beads, that have been cross-link-vulcanized to provide the same with memory that permits shape restoration following depression by vehicle traffic, and a cold-flow un-vulcanized bottom layer adhered to the roadway and conforming without memory to the same under vehicle traffic.

Abstract: A flexible longitudinally extending roadway marker strip of flexible plastic rubber-like sheet material (produced by a preferred method of fabrication) comprises a cross-linked or vulcanized upper layer having longitudinally extending therealong successive sets of successively spaced protuberances, ridges or ridge segments deformed therein and extending transversely of the strip. Projecting retroreflective bead coatings are adhered to at least the forward and rearward surfaces of the protuberances, ridges or ridge segments, and flat unbeaded daylight-bright or colored-appearance segments are disposed intermediate the successive sets and have a dimension in the longitudinal direction of the strip greater than that of the individual projections, ridges or ridge segments and the spaces therebetween in each set.

Abstract: An improved roadway marker rubber-like strip in which the upper layer is deformed into protruberances such as wedges or ridges, preferably provided with a coating of exposed retro-reflective beads, that have been cross-link-vulcanized to provide the same with memory that permits shape restoration following depression by vehicle traffic, and a cold-flow un-vulcanized bottom layer adhered to the roadway and conforming without memory to the same under vehicle traffic.

Abstract: An improved retro-reflective beaded roadway marker strip and the like, formed of successive spaced segmented wedges as rows of trapezoidal blocks containing retro-reflective beads at least on their inclined front, side and rear surfaces and with the blocks of successive rows staggered; the strip being preferably formed of a bottom rubber-like non-memory surface and an upper crosslinked elastomeric self-restoring surface.

Abstract: This disclosure involves an improved thin surface-marking strip for adhering to a road surface or the like, employing novel flattened somewhat saw-tooth wedges embodying retroreflective material and of preferably substantially trapezoidal shape, with rather critical separations between wedges relative to height and length of the wedges to obviate shadow effects, provide improved daylight observation, and to increase effectiveness and life, particularly under conditions of rain-covered surfaces and snow removal.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for enhancing the speed of both certain black and white and color films, through initial black-and-white development, and redevelopment with color coupling developers and color coupling dye units, and replacement of silver units with multiple color dye units for each silver unit that provide a color image enhanced over that provided by the silver image.

Abstract: This disclosure is concerned with providing a marker strip for attachment to roadways and other surfaces, comprising an upper layer of spaced transverse prisms and a lower layer of retroreflective sheeting, providing direction color discrimination, where desired, and substantially constant brightness of light retroreflection with distance over wide angles of incident light upon the strip.

Abstract: This disclosure is concerned with employing substantially orthogonal transducer arrays with substantially complementary fan-shaped beams for pin-pointing underwater objects and the like.

Abstract: A distinctively and unambiguously marking of the directions of travel on motoring highways, airports and other surfaces with the aid of a thin novel saw-tooth marker strip that is adhered to the traveling surface and has distinctively colored successive surfaces of retroreflecting materials, including transverse cylindrical refractive elements embedded between wedges in the thin strip.

Abstract: This disclosure is concerned with distinctively and unambiguously marking the directions of travel on motoring highways, airports and other surfaces with the aid of a thin novel saw-tooth marker strip that is adhered to the traveling surface and has distinctively colored successive surfaces of retroreflecting materials, sometimes oriented almost vertically or with a substantial vertical component, operable to alert the motorist or other traveler of the direction of travel approaching such surfaces, and intermediate surfaces therebetween of different color, sometimes optically diffuse and sometimes retroreflective, to indicate the opposite direction of travel.