Abstract: The present invention includes compositions and methods for using a single pharmaceutical preparation of KMgCit is a convenient surrogate or to support the DASH diet in lowering blood pressure among patients with essential hypertension. Support is provided by potassium, magnesium and alkali, which overcome the underlying physiological-biochemical disturbances of essential hypertension, such as salt sensitivity, insulin resistance, low urinary pH, low serum magnesium and renal leak of calcium. Positive effects of KMgCitrate disclosed in normal subjects and patients with stones, provides assurance that KMgCitrate should ameliorate the above physiological-biochemical disturbances and associated disorders in patients with essential hypertension.

Abstract: Disclosed is an effervescent preparation of calcium and magnesium with additional citric acid in a defined ratio. Also disclosed is the use of these compositions to raise cardioprotective citrate and magnesium in serum to help prevent heart attacks from calcium supplements, and to provide bioavailable calcium and magnesium to prevent osteoporosis-related fractures and low blood magnesium from the use of proton pump inhibitors.

Abstract: Disclosed is an effervescent preparation of calcium and magnesium with additional citric acid in a defined ratio. Also disclosed is the use of these compositions to raise cardioprotective citrate and magnesium in serum to help prevent heart attacks from calcium supplements, and to provide bioavailable calcium and magnesium to prevent osteoporosis-related fractures and low blood magnesium from the use of proton pump inhibitors.

Abstract: A composition comprising a powder mixture of potassium citrate and calcium citrate as mixtures of pure chemical salts and methods of making and using the composition are disclosed. The composition is useful for the treatment and prevention of kidney stones and osteoporosis and better delivers potassium and calcium than commonly used potassium and calcium supplements.

Abstract: A composition comprising a powder mixture of potassium citrate and calcium citrate as mixtures of pure chemical salts and methods of making and using the composition are disclosed. The composition is useful for the treatment and prevention of kidney stones and osteoporosis and better delivers potassium and calcium than commonly used potassium and calcium supplements.

Abstract: The present invention is an apparatus, method and system for determining the coefficient of elasticity of a target by detecting determining simultaneously two or more critical-angle reflections of an ultrasound wave from the target using an ultrasound transducer that includes a transmitter and two or more receivers and calculating the elasticity coefficients of the target.

Abstract: The present invention is an apparatus, method and system for determining cancellous or cortical bone density, cortical bone thickness, bone strength, bone fracture risk, bone architecture and bone quality by acoustically coupling an ultrasound transducer to nearby skin over a bone, reflecting one or more pulses produced by the ultrasound transducer from the bone, and detecting the reflected pulse reflected by the bone, wherein bone porosity and other properties are calculated at a low frequency, a high frequency or both a low and a high frequency.

Abstract: Disclosed is a region on human chromosome 1 that provides a genetic basis for absorptive hypercalciuria. The genes, proteins, and other biological materials provided are envisioned for use in diagnostic and therapeutic methods related to absorptive hypercalciuria and osteoporosis with hypercalciuria.

Abstract: A composition useful as a dietary supplement for providing potassium, calcium, and citrate is presented, as well as processes for producing the composition, and methods for using the composition as a dietary supplement. Administration of the composition counters bone loss associated with aging or menopause by providing bioavailable calcium and, simultaneously, delivering alkali load. In addition, administration of the composition produces a substantial increase in urinary citrate, which counters kidney-stone formation.

Abstract: A method for supplementing dietary potassium, magnesium and citrate is disclosed that comprises orally administering an effective amount of potassium magnesium citrate in a single salt. Methods for decreasing urinary calcium and oxalate by the administration of potassium magnesium citrate in a single salt are also disclosed.

Abstract: The invention involves a treatment process for improving the intrinsic quality of bone in osteoporotic patients. This can reduce the frequency of spinal fractures by inducing formation of bone which is mechanically stronger than that which it replaces. The process preferably comprises: administering an enteral form of sodium fluoride to maintain an individual's serum fluoride level from about 100 to about 200 ng/ml with a circadian fluctuation of less than about 75 ng/ml, and dietarily supplementing said individual with absorbable calcium (preferably calcium citrate). In one embodiment, sodium fluoride administration is interrupted temporarily (for about 30 to about 60 days in a 13 or 14 month cycle) to prevent loss of fluoride effectiveness and avert impaired mineralization of bone. Calcium is preferably maintained by an enteral dose of about 400 mg calcium twice daily. A vitamin D preparation may also be administered to the individual to further enhance bone strengthening.

Abstract: A method for supplementing dietary potassium, magnesium and citrate is disclosed that comprises orally administering an effective amount of potassium magnesium citrate in a single salt. Methods for decreasing urinary calcium and oxalate by the administration of potassium magnesium citrate in a single salt are also disclosed.

Abstract: One aspect of the present invention includes the novel compound having the formula:Ca.sub.2 (OOC--CH.sub.2 --COHCOO-CH.sub.2 COO)(CH.sub.3 CHOH-COO)In another aspect of the present invention, a method is provided for the treatment of a calcium related pathology. The inventive method includes the steps of providing a pharmaceutically acceptable composition, including as the active principle the compound dicalcium citrate-lactate, and administering to an individual in need thereof a therapeutically effective amount of said pharmaceutically acceptable composition.In yet another aspect of the present invention, a process is provided for producing the compound dicalcium citrate-lactate.

Abstract: Methods and compositions useful for the treatment and prophylaxis of calcium renal stones in persons with hypocitraturia or undergoing allopurinol therapy are disclosed. The methods involve administering potassium citrate compositions to persons afflicted with or susceptible to calcium renal stone formations. A typical dosage scheme involves administering about 30 to 120 meq potassium citrate per day in divided doses. Such treatments are effective in dissolving existing calcium stones and preventing formation of new calcium stones. Moreover, the results of a comparative clinical assay indicate the potassium citrate is superior to sodium citrate in the treatment of uric acid lithiasis. Potassium citrate therapy averts calcium renal stone formation, a complication which is often associated with sodium citrate or sodium bicarbonate alkalinization therapy.

Abstract: A urine specimen is preserved from bacterial deterioration as to relative constituents by adding thymol. To the thymol-treated specimen, lithium-solution volume-marker is added, then is divided into two (first and second) separate portions. Thereupon, using the first portion, standard conventional measurements and/or analysis is conducted for total volume, pH/acidity, uric acid, citrate, sodium, and potassium. To the second portion, there is added boric acid and hydrochloric acid, followed by standard/conventional measurement and/or analysis for ammonium ion, citrate, calcium, magnesium, phosphorus, oxalate and sulfate. Thereafter the findings are charted and compared to controls.

Abstract: A novel slow-release sodium fluoride preparation and its use. Such slow-release sodium preparation comprises carnauba wax and talc and may be used to provide a safe but effective level of fluoride in serum, optimal for the treatment of osteoporosis. Gastrointestinal side effects are minimized by limiting the amount of fluoride released in the stomach and rheumatic complications are reduced by avoiding toxic levels of fluoride is serum. The amount of fluoride absorbed is nevertheless sufficient to stimulate bone formation and prevent fractures. Thus, the maintenance of serum fluoride as encompassed in this invention, allows for a safe and effective treatment of osteoporosis.

Abstract: Methods and compositions useful for the treatment and prophylaxis of calcium renal stones are disclosed. The methods involve administering potassium citrate compositions to persons afflicted with or susceptible to calcium renal stone formations. A typical dosage scheme involves administering about 30 to 120 meq potassium citrate per day in divided doses. Such treatments are effective in dissolving existing calcium stones and preventing formation of new calcium stones. Moreover, the results of a comparative clinical assay indicate the potassium citrate is superior to sodium citrate in the treatment of uric acid lithiasis. Potassium citrate therapy averts calcium renal stone formation, a complication which is often associated with sodium citrate or sodium bicarbonate alkalinization therapy.

Abstract: The invention is directed to a method in the treatment of hypercalcitriolemic disease states which comprises administering an effective amount of 25S,26-dihydroxycholecalciferol to a host in need of such treatment.

Abstract: The present invention comprises a composition of matter consisting essentially of citric acid and one or more calcium compounds selected from the group consisting of calcium hydroxide, calcium carbonate and calcium oxide. The composition of matter is preferably a substantially dry mixture which may be used, for example, as a powder for making an "instant" beverage of potable liquid. A preferred calcium compound/citric acid molar ratio in the composition of matter of the present invention is between about 0.6 and about 1.5.In a most preferred embodiment, the composition of matter of the present invention consists essentially of calcium hydroxide and citric acid having a calcium compound/citric acid or calcium hydroxide/citric acid molar ratio of about 1.25.The composition of matter of the present invention has a utility demostrated by dissolution in water to form a liquid dietary calcium supplement comprising soluble calcium citrate.

Abstract: A calcium citrate composition having a bulk density greater than about 1.1 g/cc. Citric acid and a calcium compound are mixed to produce a mixture having a calcium compound/citric acid molar ratio of about 1.5. A hydrated mixture percent is produced by agitatively adding water to the mixture, although when desired the calcium compound, citric acid and water mayBACKGROUND OF THE INVENTIONA portion of the development of the present invention was supported by Grant No. P01-AM 20543 from the United States Government, National Institutes of Health.