Abstract: Arthroplasty jigs, arthroplasty jig blanks, and related methods and devices are disclosed. Some variations of the methods comprise forming an arthroplasty jig from a near-shape arthroplasty jig blank, where the near-shape arthroplasty jig blank has at least one feature specific to a target site to be matched by the arthroplasty jig. Certain of the methods comprise forming an arthroplasty jig having a first configuration from a near-shape arthroplasty jig blank having a second configuration approximating the first configuration. Some of the methods comprise forming a near-shape arthroplasty jig blank, where the near-shape arthroplasty jig blank is configured to be formed into an arthroplasty jig, and the near-shape arthroplasty jig blank has at least one feature specific to a target site to be matched by the arthroplasty jig.

Abstract: A non-nicotine cigarette substitute, maintaining the taste and flavor of seven different plants, is comprised of, but not limited to, leaves of Green Tea. The cigarette substitute has additional beneficial effects of low nicotine emission. The cigarette substitute of also helps smokers to quit smoking. It eliminates the poisons from the blood of a pre-smoker. The additives of six plants are extracts of red berry, kiwi, mango, orange, lime, and peach. Specially treated leaves of green tea are used for the base material.

Abstract: A tobacco leaf substitute for the manufacturing of a cigarette substitute that contains the same taste and flavor of a regular cigarette is comprised of, including but not limited to, leaves of Morus alba L, 1354MI, and leaves of Lillium longiflorum. The tobacco leaf substitute has additional beneficial effects of low nicotine content. The tobacco leaf substitute of this invention helps to quit smoking. It eliminates the poisons from the blood of a pre-smoker.

Abstract: A process for manufacturing a tobacco leaf substitute that maintains the taste and flavor similar to typical commercial cigarettes utilizing: (1) the leaves of Morus alba L, 1354MI, (2) leaves of Lillium longiflorum; (3) and leaves of herbs, is comprised of, including but not limited to: 1) a salted water soaking; 2) washing; 3) 1st drying; 4) steaming; and 5) 2nd drying. The tobacco leaf substitute of this invention emits a minute amount of nicotine than conventional cigarettes. The tobacco leaf substitute has a beneficial effect of being free of any cigarette-related poisons stemming from traces of mercury, nickel, and cadmium found in typical commercially available cigarettes. The cigarette substitute of this invention helps to quit smoking and eliminates poisons from the bloodstream of pre-smokers.