Abstract: A railcar fouling detection system is disclosed herein that is configured to monitor a railway foul zone between a switch and a foul line by detecting railway vehicles moving within or through the foul zone and determining whether railway vehicles are positioned within the foul zone based on information obtained by the one or more sensors. In some embodiments, the railcar fouling detection system may be configured to determine whether a railway vehicle is positioned within the foul zone by counting the number of wheels (or railway vehicles) entering and exiting the foul zone. The railcar fouling detection system may be configured to provide a visual indication of whether or not a railway vehicle is presently within the foul zone and/or provide a notification to locomotives in response to detecting a railway vehicle positioned within the foul zone.