Abstract: Systems and methods to authenticate a controller having a user interface with a manually actionable control include randomly selecting a first position of the plurality of positions of the manually actuable control, prompting a user to position the manually actionable control to the randomly selected position, receiving an indication of the present position of the manually actionable control, comparing the indication of the randomly selected position with the indication of the present position, and authenticating the controller when the indication of the randomly selected position matches the indication of the present position.

Abstract: Systems and methods to authenticate a controller having a user interface with a manually actionable control include randomly selecting a first position of the plurality of positions of the manually actuable control, prompting a user to position the manually actionable control to the randomly selected position, receiving an indication of the present position of the manually actionable control, comparing the indication of the randomly selected position with the indication of the present position, and authenticating the controller when the indication of the randomly selected position matches the indication of the present position.

Abstract: Systems and methods to authenticate a controller having a user interface with a manually actionable control include randomly selecting a first position of the plurality of positions of the manually actuatable control, prompting a user to position the manually actionable control to the randomly selected position, receiving an indication of the present position of the manually actionable control, comparing the indication of the randomly selected position with the indication of the present position, and authenticating the controller when the indication of the randomly selected position matches the indication of the present position.

Abstract: Systems and methods to authenticate a controller having a user interface with a manually actionable control include randomly selecting a first position of the plurality of positions of the manually actuable control, prompting a user to position the manually actionable control to the randomly selected position, receiving an indication of the present position of the manually actionable control, comparing the indication of the randomly selected position with the indication of the present position, and authenticating the controller when the indication of the randomly selected position matches the indication of the present position.

Abstract: A system and method for calculating and comparing costs to ship a shipment to a selected location by several shippers, including U.S. Postal Service and various commercial shipping companies. The user inputs into the calculator and comparator, background information, including number of packages, average weight per package, and destination zone, and also inputs customer discount (if any) from the commercial shipper. The calculator and comparator uses preprogrammed rate tables to calculate a base rate for U.S. Postal Service and for the commercial shipper being compared. The calculator and comparator also uses preprogrammed surcharge rates to calculate total surcharges for the commercial shipper. The calculator and comparator adds the surcharges to the commercial shipper's base rate or discounted base rate, and demonstrates the comparison of the commercial shipper's total rate to the U.S. Postal Service base rate.