Abstract: A temporomandibular joint prosthesis comprising a cranial prosthesis-part comprising a support surface adapted to be seated against bone tissue in the area of and/or adjacent to the natural glenoid fossa and/or the articular eminence and a mandibular prosthesis-part adapted to be pivotable relative to the cranial prosthesis-part when in implanted condition. The mandibular prosthesis-part is pivotable about a center of rotation which is located in such a position relative to the support surface of the cranial prosthesis-part, that in implanted condition the center of rotation is located substantially inferior to the center of the natural mandibular condyle.The prosthesis allows a natural combination of rotation and translation of the mandibular condyle in spite of the loss of the function of the lateral pterygoid muscles.