Abstract: An exposure tool is configured to remove contaminants and/or prevent contamination of mirrors and/or other optical components included in the exposure tool. In some implementations, the exposure tool is configured to flush and/or otherwise remove contaminants from an illuminator, a projection optics box, and/or one or more other subsystems of the exposure tool using a heated gas such as ozone (O3) or extra clean dry air (XCDA), among other examples. In some implementations, the exposure tool is configured to provide a gas curtain (or gas wall) that includes hydrogen (H2) or another type of gas to reduce the likelihood of contaminants reaching the mirrors included in the exposure tool. In this way, the mirrors and one or more other components of the exposure tool are cleaned and maintained in a clean environment in which radiation absorbing contaminants are controlled to increase the performance of the exposure tool.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a backlight module and a display device. The backlight module includes a light source structure and an optical film. The light source structure includes a substrate, plural light-emitting units and a package structure. The light-emitting units are disposed on the substrate. The package structure covers the light-emitting units, and the package structure has plural convex portions. The optical film is disposed on the light source structure, and the optical film is in contact with the convex portions of the package structure.

Abstract: Systems and methods for scalable SDN devices having ports/network interfaces mapped to cardinal flow processing (CFP) units are provided. According to one embodiment, an incoming packet is received, at a software-defined networking (SDN) switch. An ingress port on which the incoming packet was received is determined. A cardinal direction to which the ingress port is mapped is determined. Based on the determined cardinal direction, the SDN switch identifies a cardinal flow processing (CFP) unit within the SDN switch with which the determined cardinal direction is associated. The SDN switch then causes the incoming packet to be processed by the identified CFP unit.

Abstract: Systems and methods for scalable SDN devices having ports/network interfaces mapped to cardinal flow processing (CFP) units are provided. According to one embodiment, an incoming packet is received, at a software-defined networking (SDN) switch. An ingress port on which the incoming packet was received is determined. A cardinal direction to which the ingress port is mapped is determined. Based on the determined cardinal direction, the SDN switch identifies a cardinal flow processing (CFP) unit within the SDN switch with which the determined cardinal direction is associated. The SDN switch then causes the incoming packet to be processed by the identified CFP unit.

Abstract: Methods and systems for implementing scalable SDN devices having a flexible data path pipeline having multiple flow tables and a hybrid memory approach are provided. According to one embodiment, an SDN switch performs a method of storing a flow table within a memory device most suitable for the type of rules contained within the flow table. A flow table for use in connection with determining how to process a packet received by the SDN switch is received by the SDN switch. The flow table is stored within a DRAM device of the SDN switch when rules contained within the flow table include keys against which exact matching is performed with fields of the packet. The flow table is stored within a TCAM device of the SDN switch when rules contained within the flow table include keys against which regular expression-based matching is performed with the fields of the packet.

Abstract: Methods and apparatuses for process a crossconnect switchover in a network element are described. According to one embodiment, an exemplary method includes synchronizing state information regarding broadband subscriber sessions of one or more circuits of a network element between one or more hub devices of an active control card and a standby control card of the network element, and in response to a crossconnect switchover, starting up one or more sessions associated with the one or more hub devices of the standby control card using the synchronized information, such that the one or more sessions are started up as if they are restarted. Other methods and apparatuses are also described.

Abstract: A method and apparatus is disclosed herein. In one embodiment, the method comprises receiving data to be forwarded to a device, via a digital subscriber line (DSL) modem, after a previously existing layer three (L3) connection to the DSL modem is no longer set up, where the DSL modem is addressed via an Internet Protocol (IP) address specified in the data, and sending a message to a DSL modem via a secure link to cause the DSL modem to initiate a new L3 connection if the IP address is available from a predetermined location.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for multiple communications sessions is described. In one embodiment of the invention, a computer implemented method comprises establishing a session at a data link layer between a host and a remote access concentrator, determining a set of network layer information corresponding to the session, and applying the set of network layer information to the host at the data link layer.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for PPPoE multicast is described. A computer implemented method comprises determining a PPPoE client to be multicast capable, determining a layer 2 multicast channel from a layer 3 multicast channel, and transmitting multicast traffic for the layer 2 multicast channel as PPPoE multicast traffic in a PPPoE multicast session to the PPPoE client.

Abstract: A machine readable medium for remote circuit provisioning is described. In one embodiment of the invention, a machine readable medium comprises receiving a packet on a circuit and provisioning the circuit in response to receiving the packet, wherein provisioning the circuit comprises retrieving parameters from a database, creating an empty circuit structure, and populating the empty circuit structure with the parameters.

Abstract: A machine readable medium for remote circuit provisioning is described. In one embodiment of the invention, a machine readable medium comprises receiving a packet on a circuit and provisioning the circuit in response to receiving the packet, wherein provisioning the circuit comprises retrieving parameters from a database, creating an empty circuit structure, and populating the empty circuit structure with the parameters.

Abstract: Methods and apparatuses for process a corssconnect switchover in a network element are described. According to one embodiment, an exemplary method includes synchronizing state information regarding broadband subscriber sessions of one or more circuits of a network element between one or more hub devices of an active control card and a standby control card of the network element, and in response to a crossconnect switchover, starting up one or more sessions associated with the one or more hub devices of the standby control card using the synchronized information, such that the one or more sessions are started up as if they are restarted. Other methods and apparatuses are also described.