Abstract: Techniques for distributed federated learning leverage a multi-layered defense strategy to provide for reduced information leakage. In lieu of aggregating model updates centrally, an aggregation function is decentralized into multiple independent and functionally-equivalent execution entities, each running within its own trusted executed environment (TEE). The TEEs enable confidential and remote-attestable federated aggregation. Preferably, each aggregator entity runs within an encrypted virtual machine that support runtime in-memory encryption. Each party remotely authenticates the TEE before participating in the training. By using multiple decentralized aggregators, parties are enabled to partition their respective model updates at model-parameter granularity, and can map single weights to a specific aggregator entity. Parties also can dynamically shuffle fragmentary model updates at each training iteration to further obfuscate the information dispatched to each aggregator execution entity.

Abstract: Techniques for distributed federated learning leverage a multi-layered defense strategy to provide for reduced information leakage. In lieu of aggregating model updates centrally, an aggregation function is decentralized into multiple independent and functionally-equivalent execution entities, each running within its own trusted executed environment (TEE). The TEEs enable confidential and remote-attestable federated aggregation. Preferably, each aggregator entity runs within an encrypted virtual machine that support runtime in-memory encryption. Each party remotely authenticates the TEE before participating in the training. By using multiple decentralized aggregators, parties are enabled to partition their respective model updates at model-parameter granularity, and can map single weights to a specific aggregator entity. Parties also can dynamically shuffle fragmentary model updates at each training iteration to further obfuscate the information dispatched to each aggregator execution entity.

Abstract: Disclosed are a signal transmission method and device for realizing transmission of a triggered reference signal, to enable a terminal to immediately utilize a reference signal to perform a corresponding operation, lower power consumption of the terminal, and to achieve power saving effects. The embodiments of the present application provide a signal transmission method at a network side, the method comprising: sending to a terminal a wakeup signal used to wake up the terminal; and sending a reference signal to the terminal; or sending to a terminal a wakeup signal used to wake up the terminal and a message indicating whether the network side will send a reference signal.

Abstract: A method of forming a semiconductor structure is provided. The method includes forming a gate structure over an active region of a substrate, forming an epitaxial layer comprising first dopants of a first conductivity type over portions of the active region on opposite sides of the gate structure, the epitaxial layer, applying a cleaning solution comprising ozone and deionized water to the epitaxial layer, thereby forming an oxide layer on the epitaxial layer, forming a patterned photoresist layer over the oxide layer and the gate structure to expose a portion of the oxide layer, forming a contact region second dopants of a second conductivity type opposite the first conductivity type in the portion of the epitaxial layer not covered by the patterned photoresist layer, and forming a contact overlying the contact region.

Abstract: A method includes introducing a chemical liquid into the inner tank; reacting the wafer with the chemical liquid to generate byproducts; overfilling the inner tank with the chemical liquid and the byproducts from the inner tank to an outer tank, wherein the outer tank has an upper inclined bottom plate, a lower flat bottom plate, and a vertical intermediary bottom plate connecting the upper inclined bottom plate to the lower flat bottom plate, the inner tank penetrates through the upper inclined bottom plate of the outer tank; introducing the chemical liquid with the byproducts from above the lower flat bottom plate of the outer tank to a filter; filtering out the byproducts out of the chemical liquid by using the filter; introducing the filtered chemical liquid to the inner tank.

Abstract: A water cooling head with sparse and dense fins, including a main body, a first fin set and a second fin set. Wherein a chamber is formed inside the main body, the main body has a first plate and a second plate, the main body forms an inlet channel and an outlet channel, so that the cooling water passes through the chamber. The first fin set and the second fin set are arranged in the chamber, and the first fin set and the second fin set are connected to the first plate respectively. The first fin set comprises several first fins spaced apart, the first fins divide the chamber to form several first channels. The second fin set comprises several second fins spaced apart, the second fins divide the chamber to form several second channels. The water cooling head can increase the overall heat sinking efficiency.

Abstract: The present application provides an alignment method for backside photolithography process of the wafer, the alignment method includes: cutting the wafer, and using at least two edges formed by cutting as the first alignment mark; bonding the front side of the wafer to the wafer pad to form a composite wafer; aligning the first alignment mark with the corresponding second alignment mark on the photomask for backside photolithography. This method is not limited by wafer thickness and material, and reduces the secondary input of the photolithography equipment; meanwhile, the probability of fragments of thin wafers in the photolithography process can be reduced, and the yield of the product is effectively improved.

Abstract: An encoding method and apparatus, an electronic device and a storage medium are provided. The method includes: determining a target quantity of segments of a sequence to be coded according to a length of the sequence to be coded and a transmission code rate; performing segmentation on the sequence to be coded according to the target quantity; coding each sub-sequence obtained after segmentation, and concatenating sub-sequences after coding.

Abstract: A shock isolation cushion has two basal components and at least one shock isolation tier. The two basal components are disposed at an interval. The at least one shock isolation tier is disposed between the two basal components and is sequentially stacked from one of the two basal components to the other one of the two basal components. Wherein each of the at least one shock isolation tier has multiple shock isolation units. Each of the multiple shock isolation units has a supporting section and at least two buffering sections. The at least two buffering sections respectively extend from two opposite ends of the supporting section. Each of the at least two buffering sections is curved to form an opening between the buffering section and the supporting section.

Abstract: A cryoablation temperature control method, system and computer-readable storage medium.

Abstract: An electric vehicle transmission mechanism which is applied to drive a chain wheel of an electric vehicle is provided. The electric vehicle transmission mechanism includes a transmission shaft, an output shaft, a lower bearing and an upper bearing. The transmission shaft is connected to the chain wheel and has a transmission axial direction, and the transmission shaft includes a transmission portion. The output shaft includes an output portion engaged with the transmission portion, and the output shaft has an output axial direction substantially perpendicular to the transmission axial direction. The lower bearing is sleeved on the output shaft. The upper bearing is sleeved on the output shaft and located between the lower bearing and the output portion.

Abstract: Handshake protocol layer features are extracted from training data associated with encrypted network traffic of a plurality of classified devices. Record protocol layer features are extracted from the training data. One or more models are trained based on the extracted handshake protocol layer features and the extracted record protocol layer features. The one or more models are applied to an observed encrypted network traffic stream associated with a device to determine a predicted device classification of the device.

Abstract: Disclosed by the present application are a positioning method and apparatus, which are used to improve indoor positioning performance and precision without occupying a large amount of system resources. At a positioning server side, a positioning method provided by an embodiment of the present application comprises: acquiring a positioning capability supported by a user equipment (UE), and determining, according to the positioning capability, that the UE may obtain a positioning measurement value by means of detecting a positioning reference signal ioPRS that is used for indoor/outdoor positioning; acquiring positioning auxiliary data comprising ioPRS configuration data, and sending the positioning auxiliary data to the UE; acquiring the positioning measurement value that is provided by the UE and that is acquired on the basis of the ioPRS, and using the positioning measurement value to position the UE.

Abstract: A memory macro structure includes a first memory array, a second memory array, a cell activation circuit coupled to the first and second memory arrays and positioned between the first and second memory arrays, a control circuit coupled to the cell activation circuit and positioned adjacent to the cell activation circuit, and a through-silicon via (TSV) extending through one of the cell activation circuit or the control circuit.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for transmitting downlink control information. In the present invention, transmitted downlink control information at least comprises one or more of the following information fields: a first information field used for indicating the frequency domain resources occupied by the data resources scheduled by the DCI, a second information field used for indicating the time frequency resources occupied by the data resources scheduled by the DCI, and a third information field used for indicating the scheduled N users. As the resource size occupied by the transmission resources in the frequency domain and/or in the time domain is indicated by means of the downlink control information, transmission of downlink control information can be implemented in flexible resource allocation scenarios having variable transmission time intervals.

Abstract: A device includes a redistribution line, and a polymer region molded over the redistribution line. The polymer region includes a first flat top surface. A conductive region is disposed in the polymer region and electrically coupled to the redistribution line. The conductive region includes a second flat top surface not higher than the first flat top surface.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present invention provide methods, systems, apparatuses, and computer program products for predicting system resource volumes for future network time intervals based upon predicted likelihoods of termination transactions for the future network time interval.

Abstract: Disclosed in an embodiment of the present application are a method and device for determining whether data is damaged, the method comprising: a terminal receiving a downlink control channel which is used for scheduling retransmission; according to the downlink control channel, the terminal determining whether damaged data is present during N previous transmissions of a retransmitted data packet, which are scheduled by the downlink control channel, N being an integer greater than or equal to 1; hence, the terminal receives the downlink control channel which is used for scheduling retransmission, and determines, according to the downlink control channel, whether damaged data is present during the N previous transmissions of the retransmitted data packet, which are scheduled by the downlink control channel, thereby improving transmission performance.

Abstract: A semiconductor laser and a fabrication method therefor. The method comprises: providing a heat sink motherboard, and cutting the heat sink motherboard to form a plurality of heat sink substrates (300) (S11); providing an epitaxial wafer (200) (S12); bonding the plurality of heat sink substrates (300) to the epitaxial wafer (200) in an array to form a plurality of gaps parallel to the direction of resonant cavities (210) and perpendicular to the direction of the resonant cavities (210) (S13); dividing the epitaxial wafer (200) along the gaps to obtain a plurality of laser chips (S14); and stacking the plurality of laser chips, and coating the plurality of stacked laser chips to form a plurality of semiconductor lasers (S15).

Abstract: A system includes first electronic devices and a digital signature carrier. Each of the first electronic devices has a network identifier distinct from another. The digital signature carrier is configured for recording a connective information list. The connective information list includes the network identifiers of all of the first electronic devices. A second electronic device includes a digital signature reader. The second electronic device is configured to read the digital signature carrier by the digital signature reader, extract the connective information list comprising the network identifiers and pair the second electronic device with each of the first electronic devices according to the network identifiers.