Abstract: An electrically conductive ribbon, which is soldered on an electrically conductive busbar of a photovoltaic panel, includes a cooper core and a tin based solder. The tin based solder fully wraps an outer surface of the cooper core, and has a convex solder surface, which has a first curvature to be fitted with a second curvature of a concave solder surface of the electrically conductive busbar.

Abstract: An electrically conductive ribbon, which is soldered on an electrically conductive busbar of a photovoltaic panel, includes a cooper core and a tin based solder. The tin based solder fully wraps an outer surface of the cooper core, and has a convex solder surface, which has a first curvature to be fitted with a second curvature of a concave solder surface of the electrically conductive busbar.

Abstract: An electrically conductive ribbon, which is soldered on an electrically conductive busbar of a photovoltaic panel, includes a cooper core and a tin based solder. The tin based solder fully wraps an outer surface of the cooper core, and has a convex solder surface, which has a first curvature to be fitted with a second curvature of a concave solder surface of the electrically conductive busbar.

Abstract: A photovoltaic panel includes a photovoltaic array, an electrically conductive busbar, a plurality of electrically conductive fingers and an electrically conductive ribbon. The electrically conductive busbar is disposed on the photovoltaic array and having a plurality of connection ribs. The electrically conductive fingers are disposed on the photovoltaic array and connected with the connection ribs respectively. The electrically conductive ribbon is soldered on the electrically conductive busbar, wherein a gap is formed between each electrically conductive finger and the electrically conductive ribbon.

Abstract: An electrically conductive ribbon, which is soldered on an electrically conductive busbar of a photovoltaic panel, includes a cooper core and a tin based solder. The tin based solder fully wraps an outer surface of the cooper core, and has a convex solder surface, which has a first curvature to be fitted with a second curvature of a concave solder surface of the electrically conductive busbar.

Abstract: A 50 Hz or 60 Hz AC line voltage is rectified and converted to a DC voltage signal by a fluorescent lamp light ballast system. The DC voltage signal drives a pair of transistors to alternate between ON and OFF states, thereby producing a high frequency signal. A resonant circuit of the light ballast system converts the high frequency signal into a high amplitude, high frequency voltage signal needed to excite a fluorescent lamp load into operation. A protective circuit is employed to stop the generation of the high amplitude, high frequency voltage signal when the lamp load is in a burnout condition or when the lamp load is being replaced.