Abstract: A method for manufacturing a circuit board that includes a first electronic component and a circuit substrate is provided. The first electrode component includes two electrodes. The circuit substrate includes an inner substrate and an outer substrate formed on the inner substrate. The inner substrate defines a receiving cavity, and the first electronic component received in the receiving cavity. Each electrode faces an inner sidewall of the receiving cavity. The inner substrate includes a first insulating layer and a blocking layer embedded in the first insulating layer, an end of the blocking layer exposed from the inner sidewall. The outer substrate defines two through holes. Each through hole passes through a portion of the first insulating layer connected to the inner sidewall and exposes the blocking layer. A top end of each of the two electrodes facing the outer substrate is partially received in one through hole.

Abstract: A circuit includes a multiplier circuit that receives a signed mantissa of each data element of pluralities of input and weight data elements and generates two's complement products by performing multiplication and reformatting operations on some or all of the input data element signed mantissas and some or all of the weight data element signed mantissas, a summing circuit that receives an exponent of each data element of the pluralities of input and weight data elements and generates sums by adding each input data element exponent to each weight data element exponent, a shifting circuit that shifts each product by an amount equal to a difference between a corresponding sum and a maximum sum, and an adder tree that generates a mantissa sum from the shifted products.

Abstract: Disclosed is a physical unclonable function generator circuit and method.

Abstract: Disclosed is a physical unclonable function generator circuit and method.

Abstract: Disclosed is a physical unclonable function generator circuit and method.

Abstract: A system with two-stage output voltage includes an external power source unit, a dying gasp control circuit unit, and a power source storage unit. The dying gasp control circuit unit is connected to the external power source unit via signals to monitor whether an output power outputted from the external power source unit is interrupted or not. The power source storage unit is connected to the external power source unit and the dying gasp control circuit unit via signals. The output power outputted from the external power source unit is initially stored in the power source storage unit, and an output voltage outputted from the power source storage unit is controlled by the dying gasp control circuit unit. When the output voltage is changed to a predetermined voltage, the system is notified to execute a dying gasp operation.