Abstract: In some implementations, one or more semiconductor processing tools may form a metal cap on a metal gate. The one or more semiconductor processing tools may form one or more dielectric layers on the metal cap. The one or more semiconductor processing tools may form a recess to the metal cap within the one or more dielectric layers. The one or more semiconductor processing tools may perform a bottom-up deposition of metal material on the metal cap to form a metal plug within the recess and directly on the metal cap.

Abstract: The present invention provides methods of treating soft tissue calcification in a subject, comprising a step of administering to said subject an effective amount of ferric organic compound, such as ferric citrate. The claimed methods may prevent, reverse, delay or stabilize soft tissue calcification in a subject having chronic kidney disease. Affected soft tissue calcification includes soft tissue calcification in the joint, skin, eye, in cardiovascular system such as heart valve, myocardium, coronary arteries and arteriole, or in internal organs such as kidney and lung.

Abstract: Methods of controlling phosphate metabolism and metabolic acidosis in patients suffering from renal failure and associated hyperphosphatemia or patients predisposed to development of a hyperphosphatemic condition are provided. The method in accordance with this invention comprises administering to a patient a ferric-containing compound selected from the group consisting of ferric citrate, ferric acetate, and combinations thereof. Therapeutic benefit can be realized in accordance with such method by administering the compound orally to a patient to contact and bind with ingested phosphate in the patient's digestive tract, and thereby prevent its intestinal absorption.