Abstract: An optical system affixed to an electronic apparatus is provided, including a first optical module, a second optical module, and a third optical module. The first optical module is configured to adjust the moving direction of a first light from a first moving direction to a second moving direction, wherein the first moving direction is not parallel to the second moving direction. The second optical module is configured to receive the first light moving in the second moving direction. The first light reaches the third optical module via the first optical module and the second optical module in sequence. The third optical module includes a first photoelectric converter configured to transform the first light into a first image signal.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method to make a fixed line of telephone network virtually portable, particularly to a method of expansion of a plain old telephone service, to be able to provide new communication service via Internet for a subscriber by integrating phone adapter with software phone terminal, comprising: firstly, a call request with ringing signal is sent from PSTN; and then receiving the call request by an adapter; re-sending the call request with ringing signal to a telephone connected to adapter, and concurrently resending the call request to a center management system via Internet and then to a software phone; next, receiving the response with answer signal by the adapter from either the telephone or the software phone; and finally, communicating between a remote terminal of PSTN and response terminal.

Abstract: A photoconductor. The photoconductor includes a substrate, a charge generation layer thereon, and a charge transfer layer on the charge generation layer comprising a resin modified by a reactive silane.

Abstract: An undercoat layer for photoconductor. The undercoat layer includes a resin and a plurality of powders dispersed therein. The powders include a first powder and at least one of a second and a third powders. The first powder is an inorganic powder covered by a conductive layer, the second powder is a silicon dioxide powder modified by siloxane, and the third powder is a hybrid powder of siloxane.

Abstract: An improved photoreceptor is disclosed which contains a multi-layered charge generation layer formed on a substrate and a charge transport layer formed on the multi-layered charge generation layer. The multi-layered charge generation member is formed by sequentially forming a plurality of charge generation sub-layers first on the substrate then on the charge generation sub-layer that was already formed, so as to create at least one interface between the charge generation layers. The charge generation materials in the plurality of charge generation layers must satisfy the following relationship:(IP).sub.CGL1 .gtoreq.(IP).sub.CGL2 .gtoreq.(IP).sub.CGL3 . . . .gtoreq.(IP).sub.CGLnwherein: (IP).sub.CGLi, i=1, 2, . . . , n, represents an ionization potential of the charge generation material in charge generation layer i; and (b) a lower value of i indicating closer proximity to the substrate, and a greater value i indicates further away from the substrate.

Abstract: A family of photoreceptors for use in electrophotography are disclosed which contain a binary charge generation composition of oxytitanium phthalocyanine and copper phthalocyanine. The charge generation composition exhibits adjustable photosensitivity by adjusting a ratio between said oxytitanium phthalocyanine and said copper phthalocyanine. To optimize its performance, the charge generation composition is subject to an ammonia-modified complexation-mediated crystal transformation, and the resultant composition is characterized by Bragg diffraction angles (2.theta..+-.2.degree.) of 7.7, 9.4, 10.7, 13.3, 15.2, 15.7, 26.3, 27.4, and 28.4 degrees with respect to the CuK.alpha. characteristic X-ray wavelength at 1.54 .ANG. and absorption maxima centered around 615, 690, and 770 nm in the optical absorption spectrum.

Abstract: An electrophotographic photoreceptors having a protective layer which contains a specially cross-linked phenolic resin. The cross-linked phenolic resin contains both methylene ether linkages and methylene linkages that are provided such that the oxygen element content of the cross-linked phenolic resin contains no greater than 23.5 wt %, or more preferably between about 21 wt % and 23.5 wt %, of oxygen atoms. In a preferred embodiment, the specially cross-linked phenolic resin is formed by (a) raising the cross-linking temperature from 80.degree..+-.10.degree. C. to about 130.degree. C., in a cascading manner involving at least one intermediate treatment temperature; then (b) lowering the cross-linking temperature from about 130.degree. C. to 80.degree..+-.10.degree. C. The protective layer improves the chemical stability and mechanical strength of the electrophotographic photoreceptor while retaining the desired photoelectric properties thereof.

Abstract: An ammonia-modified titanyl phthalocyanine for use in preparing charge generating layer of a photoreceptor is disclosed. The ammonia-modified titanyl phthalocyanine is obtained by a process comprising the following steps: (a) reacting titanium tetrachloride with halogen-containing naphthalene to obtain an unmodified titanyl phthalocyanine; (b) dispersing the unmodified titanyl phthalocyanine in an organic solvent; and (c) subjecting the unmodified titanyl phthalocyanine to an ammonia-induced complexation-mediated crystal transformation so as to obtain the ammonia-modified titanyl phthalocyanine. The ammonia-induced complexation-mediated crystal transformation step can be achieved by either bubbling ammonia gas through the titanyl phthalocyanine-containing organic solution or by adding an ammonia-saturated aqueous solution to the titanyl phthalocyanine-containing organic solution. The ammonia-modified titanyl phthalocyanine is characterized by having Bragg diffraction angles of 7.5, 9.3, 13.6, 14.3, 17.9, 24.

Abstract: A novel composition is a solution in an organic solvent of an electron donor-acceptor complex of a conjugated aromatic polyazomethine compound and a Lewis acid compound. This composition is coated on a transparent support and the solvent is evaporated to produce an optical device. Decomposition of the polyazomethine-Lewis acid complex coated on the substrate produces a new optical device comprising a film of the polyazomethine compound on the substrate. Compositions of the present invention can also be used for the preparation of optical wave guides, optical switching elements, fibers, and dielectric materials.