Abstract: The present invention provides improved driving methods for four particle electrophoretic displays that improves the performance of such displays when they are deployed in low temperature environments and the displays are required to be updated when positioned vertically (i.e., the driving electric fields are substantially perpendicular to the direction of Earth's gravity). Methods are provided for displaying each of the colors at each pixel, as desired, with minimal interference (contamination) from the other particles.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method using a current to control a switch, using a switch, comprising a first electrode and a second electrode, positioned within the magnetic range of a magnetic field produced by an electric current passing through a path, whereupon at least either the first electrode or the second electrode responds to the magnetism due to magnetic field variation, whereat the first electrode and the second electrode come in mutual contact or separate by means of the magnetic variation, thereby enabling controlling the switch.

Abstract: The present invention provides a structure to control a magnetic reed switch that includes a first electric conductor that extends an appropriate length along a first path and a magnetic reed switch, which includes at least a first reed and a second reed, disposed to one side of the first electric conductor. A magnetic field produced perpendicular to the first path when an electric current flows through the first electric conductor is used to produce a magnetic response in the first reed and the second reed of the magnetic reed switch, thereby causing the first reed and the second reed to make contact, and thus rendering the magnetic reed switch in a conductive state.