Abstract: An electrical circuit for use as a string of lights is provided with a load including a plurality of lamps connected in series, the lamps including a plurality of LEDs and a plurality of incandescent light bulbs, and a plurality of electrical resistors connected in series, the electrical resistors being in parallel with the lamps. The load is activated by a source of AC. The LEDs are alternate with the incandescent light bulbs.

Abstract: An electrical circuit for use as a string of lights in one embodiment includes a rectifier for converting AC into DC; and a plurality of lamps connected in series, each lamp having an LED, and wherein at least one of the lamps each has a Zener diode connected in series with the LED, a positive terminal of the lamp proximate the rectifier is connected to a positive terminal of an output of the rectifier, and a negative terminal of the lamp distal the rectifier is connected to a negative terminal of the output of the rectifier. In another embodiment, the Zener diode is replaced with a resistor. Hence, no resistors are provided externally of the lamp.

Abstract: In one embodiment an electrical circuit for use as a string of lights includes a load comprising a plurality of lamps connected in series, the lamps comprising a first group of lamps including an LED and a first Zener diode in parallel therewith, and a second group of lamps including an incandescent light bulb and a second Zener diode in parallel therewith; and a rectifier for converting a source of AC into DC which is supplied to the load. The first group of lamps are alternate with the second group of lamps.

Abstract: An electrical circuit for use as a string of lights in one embodiment includes a full-wave rectifier for converting an electrical source of AC into DC; and a load comprising a plurality of lamps connected in series, each of the lamps comprising an LED, a loading member in parallel with the LED, and a conductor interconnecting the LED and the loading member. The loading member is either a bidirectional Zener diode or a resistor element.

Abstract: In one embodiment an electrical circuit for use as a string of lights includes a load comprising a plurality of lamps connected in series, the lamps comprising a first group of lamps including an LED and a first Zener diode in parallel therewith, and a second group of lamps including an incandescent light bulb and a second Zener diode in parallel therewith; and a rectifier for converting a source of AC into DC which is supplied to the load. The first group of lamps are alternate with the second group of lamps.

Abstract: A string of LED light is provided. The string of LED light has a full-wave rectifier with a capacitor based filter for increasing output voltage to the range of 2.6 to 2.84 times as compared with the output voltage of a typical full-wave rectifier without filter so that an increased number of lamps each having an LED and a Zener diode in parallel therewith can be attached to the string of LED light.

Abstract: An LED bulb in one embodiment includes two depending arms; a Zener diode secured to one end of one arm; an LED secured to one end of the other arm; a conductor electrically interconnecting the Zener diode and the LED; and an enclosure formed of epoxy resin with the Zener diode, the LED, the conductor, and one ends of the arms being concealed therein, wherein either a cathode of the LED is connected in series with a cathode of the Zener diode or an anode of the LED is connected in series with an anode of the Zener diode. The LED is adapted to emit red, green, or blue light.

Abstract: A light string in one embodiment includes a plurality of lamps connected in series, each lamp having a shunt Zener diode; and a rectifier. An anode of the Zener diode of each lamp is connected to a cathode of the LED thereof, the cathode of the Zener diode of each lamp is connected to the anode of the LED thereof, the cathode of the Zener diode of the lamp proximate the rectifier is connected to a positive terminal of an output of the rectifier, and the anode of the Zener diode of the lamp distal the rectifier is connected to a negative terminal of the output of the rectifier. The Zener diodes are replaced by resistors in another embodiment. Hence, a burned out LED of one lamp will not adversely affect a normal operation of the light string.

Abstract: An electrical circuit for use as a string of lights in one embodiment includes a rectifier for converting AC into DC; and a plurality of lamps connected in series, each lamp having an LED, and wherein at least one of the lamps each has a Zener diode connected in series with the LED, a positive terminal of the lamp proximate the rectifier is connected to a positive terminal of an output of the rectifier, and a negative terminal of the lamp distal the rectifier is connected to a negative terminal of the output of the rectifier. In another embodiment, the Zener diode is replaced with a resistor. Hence, no resistors are provided externally of the lamp.

Abstract: A Christmas light string includes a plug; a first negative wire together with a first positive wire and the plug forming a circuit; incandescent light bulbs connected together along the first positive and negative wires to form a first loop; a rectifier having a positive input connected to the first incandescent light bulb via a second positive wire and a negative input connected to the last incandescent light bulb via a second negative wire; an end enlargement connected to the positive input of the rectifier via the second positive wire and the negative input of the rectifier via the second negative wire; and LED bulbs forming a second loop between the positive output and the negative output of the rectifier. An optimum illumination is rendered by mixing cold light with warm light. Moreover, mating sockets are adapted to receive the incandescent light bulbs only.

Abstract: A Christmas light string is disclosed and includes a plug a power socket, a first cord electrically interconnecting the plug and the power socket, a second cord extending from the plug and being electrically connected thereto, an adapter proximate the plug and mounted in the second cord, and a plurality of lamps electrically connected in series or parallel and mounted along the second cord and distal the plug. The plug of another Christmas light string is adapted to electrically connect to the power socket by insertion. Hence, a number of Christmas light strings can be assembled together to form a lighting unit having an increased length.

Abstract: A Christmas light string is disclosed and includes a plug a power socket, a first cord electrically interconnecting the plug and the power socket, a second cord extending from the plug and being electrically connected thereto, an adapter proximate the plug and mounted in the second cord, and a plurality of lamps electrically connected in series or parallel and mounted along the second cord and distal the plug. The plug of another Christmas light string is adapted to electrically connect to the power socket by insertion. Hence, a number of Christmas light strings can be assembled together to form a lighting unit having an increased length.