Abstract: An optical path folding element includes a main body, a light absorption film layer and a matte structure. The main body has optical surface including an incident surface, a reflective surface and an emitting surface. A light enters into the optical folding element through the incident surface. The reflective surface reflects the light so as to change a traveling direction thereof. The light exits the optical folding element through the emitting surface. The light absorbing film layer is configured to reduce reflectance and provided adjacent to at least part of the optical surface, and the light absorbing film layer is in physical contact with the main body. The matte structure is disposed adjacent to at least part of the optical surface. The matte structure provides an undulating profile on a surface of the optical path folding element, and the matte structure is formed in one-piece with the main body.

Abstract: A magnetoresistive random access memory (MRAM) device includes a first array region and a second array region on a substrate, a first magnetic tunneling junction (MTJ) on the first array region, a first top electrode on the first MTJ, a second MTJ on the second array region, and a second top electrode on the second MTJ. Preferably, the first top electrode and the second top electrode include different nitrogen to titanium (N/Ti) ratios.

Abstract: An optical system affixed to an electronic apparatus is provided, including a first optical module, a second optical module, and a third optical module. The first optical module is configured to adjust the moving direction of a first light from a first moving direction to a second moving direction, wherein the first moving direction is not parallel to the second moving direction. The second optical module is configured to receive the first light moving in the second moving direction. The first light reaches the third optical module via the first optical module and the second optical module in sequence. The third optical module includes a first photoelectric converter configured to transform the first light into a first image signal.

Abstract: A variable aperture module includes a blade assembly including movable blades, a positioning element including positioning structures and a driving part including a rotation element. The movable blades are disposed around an optical axis to form a light passable hole with adjustable size for different hole size states and each have an inner surface to define the contour of the light passable hole in each hole size state. The positioning structures correspond to the movable blades. The rotation element is rotatable with respect to the positioning element and is configured to rotate the movable blades to adjust a size of the light passable hole. There are matte structures disposed on each inner surface. Each matte structure is single structure extending towards the optical axis, such that at least part of the contour of the light passable hole has an undulating shape at least in several hole size states.

Abstract: A magnetoresistive random access memory (MRAM) structure, including a substrate and multiple MRAM cells on the substrate, wherein the MRAM cells are arranged in a memory region adjacent to a logic region. An ultra low-k (ULK) layer covers the MRAM cells, wherein the surface portion of ultra low-k layer is doped with fluorine, and dents are formed on the surface of ultra low-k layer at the boundaries between the memory region and the logic region.

Abstract: A photographing module includes a lens assembly, a reflection element, an image sensor, and lens element, reflection element and image sensor driving modules. An axial voice coil motor of the lens element driving module moves the lens assembly along a lens optical axis. A rotating connection part and a curved recess structure are disposed between a holder and a carrier movable relative to the holder. A lateral voice coil motor of the reflection element driving module drives the carrier carrying the reflection element to rotate around an axis passing through the rotating connection part. A plurality of rollable elements are located between and in contact with the fixed member and the movable plate. A lateral voice coil motor of the image sensor driving module drives the movable plate carrying the image sensor to move based on a dynamic axis orthogonal to the lens optical axis.

Abstract: An imaging lens assembly includes a lens element and a light blocking element. The lens element is configured to define an optical axis, and the optical axis passes through the lens element. The light blocking element includes a light through hole and a plurality of light diminishing structures. The optical axis passes through the light through hole, the light through hole is formed by connecting a plurality of sidelines to define a polygonal contour. The light diminishing structures are regularly disposed along the polygonal contour, wherein the light diminishing structures are configured to undulate at least one portion of each of the sidelines, so that the at least one portion of each of the sidelines is a non-straight line.

Abstract: An image sensor includes an image sensor die, a light transmitting element, at least one anti-reflection coating and at least one anti-reflection structure. The image sensor die includes a photoelectric conversion layer and a micro lens layer. The micro lens layer is disposed above the photoelectric conversion layer for converging the light onto the photoelectric conversion layer. The light transmitting element is disposed above the micro lens layer, and a gap is formed between the light transmitting element and the micro lens layer, the light passes through the light transmitting element and then travels into the image sensor. The anti-reflection coating is at least disposed on an upper surface of the light transmitting element. The anti-reflection structure is disposed on at least one of a lower surface of the light transmitting element and the micro lens layer.

Abstract: An electronic device includes a transparent element, an optical component and an anti-reflecting layer. The transparent element is configured to separate an inner side and an outer side of the electronic device, so that a light passes through the transparent element to enter or leave the electronic device, and the transparent element includes an inner side surface and an outer side surface. The inner side surface faces towards the inner side, and the outer side surface faces towards the outer side. The optical component is corresponding to the inner side surface of the transparent element. The anti-reflecting layer is disposed on at least one portion of the inner side surface of the transparent element.

Abstract: An imaging lens module includes an optical element holder being one-piece formed, a lens element and a light folding component corresponding to the lens element. Each of two side surfaces of the optical element holder has a light through hole, and light passes through the optical element holder via the light through holes. The optical element holder includes a lens element accommodation portion and a folding component accommodation portion respectively for the lens element and the light folding component to be disposed therein. The light folding component includes a light receive surface, a first reflection surface and a light exit surface. The light enters the light folding component from the light receive surface, the first reflection surface is configured to reflect the light coming from the light receive surface so as to redirect the light, and the light exits the light folding component from the light exit surface.

Abstract: An illumination system including an excitation light source, a wavelength converting element, and a region-based light splitter is provided. The excitation light source provides an excitation beam. The wavelength converting element is disposed on a transmission path of the excitation beam to convert the excitation beam into an excited beam. The region-based light splitter is disposed on the transmission path of the excitation beam and includes at least one first region and at least one second region. The first region reflects the excitation beam and allows the excited beam to pass through. The second region allows the excitation beam and the excited beam to pass through. The excitation beam reflected by the region-based light splitter is transmitted toward the wavelength converting element. A projection apparatus including the illumination system is also provided.

Abstract: A distance sensing module includes a first substrate, an upper cover, a light-emitting unit, and at least one sensing pixel. The upper cover is disposed on the first substrate to form an accommodating space. The light-emitting unit is disposed at an emitting end in the accommodating space. The sensing pixel is disposed at a receiving end in the accommodating space and includes a second substrate disposed in the accommodating space and having a top surface, sensing areas disposed in the second substrate and exposed on the top surface, a light guide layer including light guide structures having first sides connected to a light transmission layer and second sides coupled to the sensing areas, a lens layer including at least one lens, and the light transmission layer between the light guide layer and the lens layer. The light guide layer is between the second substrate and the light transmission layer.

Abstract: An illumination system and a projection apparatus are provided. The illumination system includes an excitation light source, a light guiding element, a filter module, an optical wavelength conversion module, and a homogenizing element. The light guiding element reflects an excitation beam coming from the excitation light source. The filter module includes a filtering region and receives the excitation beam reflected by the light guiding element. The optical wavelength conversion module includes a wavelength conversion region, receives the excitation beam reflected by the filtering region and reflects a conversion beam converted from the excitation beam. The conversion beam forms at least one color beam after passing through the filtering region of the filter module. The homogenizing element receives the excitation beam coming from the filter module and the at least one color beam. An incident angle of the excitation beam on the light guiding element is ?1, and ?1>0°.

Abstract: An imaging lens assembly includes a first lens element, a second lens element and a lens barrel, and an optical axis passes through the imaging lens assembly. One of the space adjusting structures is formed via a first peripheral portion of the first lens element and a plate portion of the lens barrel, the other one of the space adjusting structures is formed via the first peripheral portion of the first lens element and a second peripheral portion of the second lens element. Each of the space adjusting structures includes a frustum surface, a spatial frustum surface, a corresponding structure and a spatial layer. Each of the frustum surfaces and each of the spatial frustum surfaces are disposed on an object-side surface of the first peripheral portion and an object-side surface of the second peripheral portion, respectively.

Abstract: An illumination system and a projection device are provided. The illumination system includes a laser light source, a light splitting element, a wavelength conversion module, a filter module, and a homogenizing element. The laser light source provides a laser beam to the light splitting element. The filter module rotates around a rotation axis and has multiple dichroic filter regions on a surface perpendicular to the rotation axis. The filter module receives the laser beam from the light splitting element, and an acute angle is formed between the rotation axis and a direction in which the laser beam enters the filter module. The homogenizing element is located on a transmission path of the laser beam penetrating the filter module, and the laser beam enters the homogenizing element along a long axis direction of the homogenizing element.

Abstract: A homogenizing module and a projection apparatus are provided. The homogenizing module is configured to homogenize a beam and includes an anisotropic diffuser and a homogenizer. The anisotropic diffuser is located on a transmission path of the beam. The beam has a first divergence angle in a first direction and a second divergence angle in a second direction after passing through the anisotropic diffuser. The first divergence angle is greater than the second divergence angle. The homogenizer is located on a transmission path of the beam from the anisotropic diffuser, and the homogenizer includes multiple optical elements. The size of any of the multiple optical elements in the first direction is greater than the size thereof in the second direction. The first direction is perpendicular to the second direction.

Abstract: An imaging lens includes a lens element, a light blocking sheet, and a lens barrel accommodating the lens element and the light blocking sheet. The light blocking sheet includes a first object-side surface, a first image-side surface, a first inner ring surface, a first microstructure, and a first nanostructure layer. The first image-side surface is opposite to the first object-side surface. The first inner ring surface is located between the first object-side surface and the first image-side surface and defines a first light passage opening. The first microstructure is disposed on the first object-side surface or the first image-side surface. The first microstructure has a plurality of protrusions. The first nanostructure layer is disposed on the first inner ring surface. The first nanostructure layer has a plurality of ridge-like protrusions extending non-directionally.

Abstract: Provided is an illumination system for providing an illumination beam. The illumination system includes at least one light source, a movable reflective element, a lens element, and a light uniformizing element. The light source is configured to emit at least one beam. The beam is reflected by the movable reflective element, and then passes through the lens element and the light uniformizing element to form an illumination beam. An optical effective area of the beam on the lens element is configured to be larger than that of the beam on the movable reflective element by motion of the movable reflective element. The optical effective area is an area of a union of each beam that irradiates the lens element or the movable reflective element at different times. A projection device is also provided. The illumination system and projection device provide a uniformized illumination beam and improve the projection effect.

Abstract: A photographing module includes a lens assembly, a reflection element, an image sensor, and lens element, reflection element and image sensor driving modules. An axial voice coil motor of the lens element driving module moves the lens assembly along a lens optical axis. A rotating connection part and a curved recess structure are disposed between a holder and a carrier movable relative to the holder. A lateral voice coil motor of the reflection element driving module drives the carrier carrying the reflection element to rotate around an axis passing through the rotating connection part. A plurality of rollable elements are located between and in contact with the fixed member and the movable plate. A lateral voice coil motor of the image sensor driving module drives the movable plate carrying the image sensor to move based on a dynamic axis orthogonal to the lens optical axis.

Abstract: An illumination system for providing an illumination light beam is provided, which includes a light-source module, a scattering element and a light uniforming element. The light-source module emits an illumination light beam. The scattering element is between the light-source module and the light uniforming element, and has multiple scattering areas with different haze values. A haze value of a first scattering area that is close to a center of the scattering element is greater than a haze value of a second scattering area that is remote from the center. A projection device is also provided. A scattering element of the invention has multiple scattering areas with different haze values, and a haze value of one that is close to a center of the scattering element is greater than a haze value of the other that is remote from the center, thereby increasing light energy utilization.