Abstract: A semiconductor device includes a magnetic tunneling junction (MTJ) on a substrate, a spacer adjacent to the MTJ, a liner adjacent to the spacer, and a first metal interconnection on the MTJ. Preferably, the first metal interconnection includes protrusions adjacent to two sides of the MTJ and a bottom surface of the protrusions contact the liner directly.

Abstract: A semiconductor device includes a magnetic tunneling junction (MTJ) on a substrate, a first spacer on one side of the of the MTJ, a second spacer on another side of the MTJ, a first metal interconnection on the MTJ, and a liner adjacent to the first spacer, the second spacer, and the first metal interconnection. Preferably, each of a top surface of the MTJ and a bottom surface of the first metal interconnection includes a planar surface and two sidewalls of the first metal interconnection are aligned with two sidewalls of the MTJ.

Abstract: A semiconductor device includes a magnetic tunneling junction (MTJ) on a substrate, a first spacer on one side of the of the MTJ, a second spacer on another side of the MTJ, a first metal interconnection on the MTJ, and a liner adjacent to the first spacer, the second spacer, and the first metal interconnection. Preferably, each of a top surface of the MTJ and a bottom surface of the first metal interconnection includes a planar surface and two sidewalls of the first metal interconnection are aligned with two sidewalls of the MTJ.

Abstract: An improved electronic ballast for providing an electrical energy to a fluorescent lamp circuit is provided. It includes a pre-heating inductor; a first resonant circuit connected to the pre-heating inductor in parallel and coupled to the fluorescent lamp circuit for pre-heating the fluorescent lamp circuit according to a first resonant frequency; a second resonant circuit coupled to the fluorescent lamp circuit for igniting the fluorescent lamp circuit according to a second resonant frequency; and a driving circuit coupled to the second resonant circuit for continuously providing the electrical energy to the first resonant circuit and the second resonant circuit respectively according to the first resonant frequency and the second resonant frequency.

Abstract: An improved electronic ballast for providing an electrical energy to a fluorescent lamp circuit is provided. It includes a pre-heating inductor; a first resonant circuit connected to the pre-heating inductor in parallel and coupled to the fluorescent lamp circuit for pre-heating the fluorescent lamp circuit according to a first resonant frequency; a second resonant circuit coupled to the fluorescent lamp circuit for igniting the fluorescent lamp circuit according to a second resonant frequency; and a driving circuit coupled to the second resonant circuit for continuously providing the electrical energy to the first resonant circuit and the second resonant circuit respectively according to the first resonant frequency and the second resonant frequency.