Abstract: The present invention relates to the mRNA vaccine of coronavirus spike protein with deletion of glycosites in the receptor binding domain (RBD), the subunit 1 (S1) domain, or the subunit 2 (S2) domain, or a combination thereof. The vaccine elicits broadly protective immune responses coronavirus and variants thereof.

Abstract: The invention provides an oriented and covalent method for immobilizing a glycoprotein and an antibody on a chip. The method includes providing a silver-coated solid surface equipped with alkynes and cuprous oxide nanoparticles. The azido boronic acid tosyl probe is conjugated to the silver-coated solid surface by the cuprous oxide nanoparticles through the self-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition reaction. The glycan(s) of a glycoprotein or an antibody is provided to the boronic acid tosyl probe, and alcohol groups of the glycan(s) of the glycoprotein or the antibody and the boronic acid group of boronic acid tosyl probe form boronate ester. The nucleophilic residues on the glycoprotein or the antibody replace the tosyl group by SN2 reaction, so as to immobilize the glycoprotein or the antibody through the covalent bond formation.

Abstract: An irreversible and covalent method for immobilizing a glycoprotein includes the following steps. An organic boronic acid and a photoaffinity reagent are provided to contact a surface of a solid support, where the organic boronic acid is represented by R1—ArB(OH)2, —ArB(OH)2 is a boronic acid group, and R1 is a first cross-linking agent. The organic boronic acid is bound to the surface through the first cross-linking agent, and the photoaffinity reagent is bound to the surface through a second cross-linking agent R2. Next, a glycoprotein is provided to contact the organic boronic acid, and the glycoprotein includes an Fc fragment. An alcohol group on a sugar chain of the Fc fragment and the boronic acid group of the organic boronic acid form an organic boronate ester to immobilize the glycoprotein. UV light irradiation is then performed, so that the photoaffinity reagent and the glycoprotein form a covalent cross-link.