Abstract: A method of identifying defects in crystals includes the following steps. A silicon carbide crystal to be identified for defects is sliced to obtain a test piece. An etching process is performed on the test piece. Etching conditions of the etching process includes the following. An etchant including potassium hydroxide is used, and etching is performed at a temperature of 400° C. to 550° C. in an environment where dry air or oxygen is introduced, so as to form etching pits of threading edge dislocations (TED) and threading screw dislocations (TSD) in the test piece. After the etching process is performed, a diameter ratio (TED/TSD) of the etching pits of the threading edge dislocations (TED) and the threading screw dislocations (TSD) observed by an optical microscope in the test piece is in a range of 0.2 to 0.5.

Abstract: Described herein are systems, methods, and non-transitory computer readable media for evaluating vibrational characteristics of a vehicle such as an autonomous vehicle and vibrational characteristics of a road surface in conjunction with one another to identify anomalous vehicle vibrational characteristics that may be indicative of potential damage to the structure of a vehicle. A baseline vibrational signature may be generated for a road segment based on sensor data received from multiple vehicles traversing the road segment. A vibrational signature may also be generated for a particular vehicle being evaluated based on real-time sensor data. If the vibrational signature for the vehicle deviates from the baseline vibrational signature for the road segment by more than a threshold amount, the vehicle may be deemed to be exhibiting anomalous vibrational characteristics indicative of potential vehicular damage. One or more actions in response thereto may then be taken such as automatically halting the vehicle.

Abstract: Described herein are systems, methods, and non-transitory computer readable media for determining a direction of movement of an authority vehicle in relation to another vehicle such as an autonomous vehicle and initiating or ceasing a vehicle response measure that may have previously been initiated based on the determined direction of movement. A signal source associated with the authority vehicle emits a periodic acoustic signal that is received at one or more audio capture devices, which may be provided at various locations on an exterior of a vehicle. One or more signal characteristics of the acoustic signal can be determined such as frequency, sound intensity, and/or phase. Detected signal characteristic(s) of the acoustic signal can be analyzed, and in some cases, compared against known information such as an expected frequency of the acoustic signal to determine the direction of movement of the authority vehicle in relation to the vehicle.

Abstract: A display may have an array of organic light-emitting diode (OLED) pixels that each have OLED layers interposed between a cathode and an anode. Voltage may be applied to the anode of each pixel to control the magnitude of emitted light. The conductivity of the OLED layers may allow leakage current to pass between neighboring anodes in the display. To reduce leakage current and cross-talk, the thickness of at least one of the OLED layers may be reduced. To maintain the optical cavity of the pixels, transparent optical spacer structures may be inserted. Alternatively, the thickness of the anodes can be increased. To accommodate a common prime layer within the OLED layers, the optical spacers or anodes may be separately patterned to have different thicknesses. Grating structures and photonic crystal structures may be embedded as part of the optical spacers to help control emission at selected viewing angles.

Abstract: Described herein are systems, methods, and non-transitory computer readable media for determining a direction of movement of an authority vehicle in relation to another vehicle such as an autonomous vehicle and initiating or ceasing a vehicle response measure that may have previously been initiated based on the determined direction of movement. A signal source associated with the authority vehicle emits a periodic acoustic signal that is received at one or more audio capture devices, which may be provided at various locations on an exterior of a vehicle. One or more signal characteristics of the acoustic signal can be determined such as frequency, sound intensity, and/or phase. Detected signal characteristic(s) of the acoustic signal can be analyzed, and in some cases, compared against known information such as an expected frequency of the acoustic signal to determine the direction of movement of the authority vehicle in relation to the vehicle.

Abstract: Described herein are systems, methods, and non-transitory computer readable media for evaluating vibrational characteristics of a vehicle such as an autonomous vehicle and vibrational characteristics of a road surface in conjunction with one another to identify anomalous vehicle vibrational characteristics that may be indicative of potential damage to the structure of a vehicle. A baseline vibrational signature may be generated for a road segment based on sensor data received from multiple vehicles traversing the road segment. A vibrational signature may also be generated for a particular vehicle being evaluated based on real-time sensor data. If the vibrational signature for the vehicle deviates from the baseline vibrational signature for the road segment by more than a threshold amount, the vehicle may be deemed to be exhibiting anomalous vibrational characteristics indicative of potential vehicular damage. One or more actions in response thereto may then be taken such as automatically halting the vehicle.

Abstract: Described herein are systems, methods, and non-transitory computer readable media for detecting the presence of an authority vehicle in proximity to a vehicle such as an autonomous vehicle and initiating an automated response. Presence of an authority vehicle can be determined based on an analysis of an audio signal stream received from an audio capture device, such as a microphone, present in the vehicle. Various audio signals representative of sounds other than an authority vehicle siren can be filtered from the audio signal stream to produce a filtered output. The filtered output can then be analyzed to determine whether it contains an audio signal indicative of the presence of an authority vehicle. Such a determination can be made by assessing characteristics of the audio signal such as intensity, frequency, and/or periodicity. If an authority vehicle is present, various response measures can be taken such as initiating an automated braking operation.

Abstract: A display may have an array of organic light-emitting diode (OLED) pixels that each have OLED layers interposed between a cathode and an anode. Voltage may be applied to the anode of each pixel to control the magnitude of emitted light. The conductivity of the OLED layers may allow leakage current to pass between neighboring anodes in the display. To reduce leakage current and cross-talk, the thickness of at least one of the OLED layers may be reduced. To maintain the optical cavity of the pixels, transparent optical spacer structures may be inserted. Alternatively, the thickness of the anodes can be increased. To accommodate a common prime layer within the OLED layers, the optical spacers or anodes may be separately patterned to have different thicknesses. Grating structures and photonic crystal structures may be embedded as part of the optical spacers to help control emission at selected viewing angles.

Abstract: An optical system for a laser level is described. The laser level includes at least two optical systems which are parallel to and oppositely adjoin to each other in a same plane. Each optical system includes a laser light source, a regular lens, a diffusion lens, a beam-splitting element, and an outer casing as well as the regular lens and the diffusion lens are located between the laser light source and the beam-splitting element. For the optical system of the laser level, the laser beam is sequentially regularized, diffused and split into a fan-shaped light beam with an angle greater than 180 degrees to ensure that the light beams from the optical systems are spread in the same plane. Thus, the laser level generates a disk-shaped light beam with 360 degrees to indicate a circular mark in the same plane.

Abstract: An inkjet printhead chip structure and a method of estimating the working life through the detection of any defect on the chip structure. The method includes laying a metallic layer such as a tantalum layer over the chip and then shaping the metallic layer into a protective layer circuit. A portion of the metal protective layer covers the heating elements embedded in the chip. In printing, the heating elements heat up the ink to produce jets of ink. However, a portion of the heat is transferred to the metal protective layer thereby raising its temperature. Heat on the metal protective layer combined with any strayed residual ink bubbles that impinge upon the surface of the metal protective layer causes the metal to age. Since resistance of the metal protective layer will increase proportionally to the amount of aging, a measurement of the resistance is capable of estimating how much longer a given chip is suitable for use.