Abstract: A method of forming an etched part includes forming a substrate including a thermoset resin and etching a surface of the substrate. The thermoset resin includes a vat photopolymerization (VPP) thermoset resin and at least one of an etchable phase and etchable particles disposed within the VPP thermoset resin. The etching removes the etchable phase from the VPP thermoset resin at the surface of the substrate such that a plurality of micro-mechanical bonding sites are formed on an etched surface of the substrate.

Abstract: An apparatus includes a six-axis correction stage, an auto-collimation measurement device, a light splitter, a telecentric image measurement device, and a controller. The six-axis correction stage carries a device under test; the auto-collimation measurement device is arranged above the six-axis correction stage along a measurement optical axis; the light splitter is arranged on the measurement optical axis and is interposed between the six-axis correction stage and the auto-collimation measurement device. A method controls the six-axis correction stage to correct rotation errors in at least two degrees of freedom of the device under test according to a measurement result of the auto-collimation measurement device, and controls the six-axis correction stage to correct translation and yaw errors in at least three degrees of freedom of the device under test according to a measurement result of the telecentric image measurement device by means of the controller.

Abstract: A plating system and a method thereof are disclosed. The plating system performs a N-stage plating drilling filling process in which a M-th stage plating drilling filling process with a M-th current density is performed on a hole of a substrate for a M-th plating time to form a M-th plating layer on the to-be-plated layer, wherein N is a positive integer equal to or greater than 3, and M is a positive integer positive integer in a range of 1 to N. Therefore, the technical effect of providing a higher drilling filling rate than conventional plating filling technology under a condition that a total thickness of plating layers is fixed can be achieved.

Abstract: In some aspects, the techniques described herein relate to a passenger motor vehicle including a robotic arm configured for use in performing an additive manufacturing operation. A method is also disclosed.

Abstract: A method of additive manufacturing a part via vat photopolymerization (VPP) includes irradiating a first material through a first transparent wall of a first material tank and forming a first section of an nth layer of the part on a platform, positioning the platform with the first section of the nth layer in a second material tank with a distance between the first section of the nth layer and a second transparent wall, and irradiating a second material such that a second section of the nth layer of the part is formed on the platform adjacent to the first section of the nth layer. The method repeats forming first and second sections of additional layer until a predetermined number of total layers are formed. Positioning the first and second sections with a distance between the second and first transparent walls, respectively, inhibits crashing during forming of the part.

Abstract: A method of forming an etched part includes forming a substrate including a thermoset resin and etching a surface of the substrate. The thermoset resin includes a vat photopolymerization (VPP) thermoset resin and at least one of an etchable phase and etchable particles disposed within the VPP thermoset resin. The etching removes the etchable phase from the VPP thermoset resin at the surface of the substrate such that a plurality of micro-mechanical bonding sites are formed on an etched surface of the substrate.

Abstract: A thermoset resin for forming parts to be metal plated includes a vat photopolymerization (VPP) thermoset resin and an etchable phase disposed in the VPP thermoset resin. The etchable phase is etched from a surface of a part formed from the VPP thermoset resin such that a plurality of micro-mechanical locking sites is formed on the surface of the part. The etchable phase is at least one of organic particles, organic resins, inorganic particles, and copolymers of the VPP thermoset resin. For example, the etchable phase can be a polybutadiene phase and/or a mineral such as calcium carbonate.

Abstract: An additive article stabilizing method includes prior to polymerization, adding a radiation-activated stabilizing composition to a liquid resin, forming the article from the liquid resin, layer by layer, using radiation such that the stabilizing composition does not stabilize the liquid resin but the formed article, and neutralizing free radicals generated during a degradation process initiated by exposure of the article to additional radiation post-cure.

Abstract: A method of additive manufacturing a part via vat photopolymerization (VPP) includes irradiating a first material through a first transparent wall of a first material tank and forming a first section of an nth layer of the part on a platform, positioning the platform with the first section of the nth layer in a second material tank with a distance between the first section of the nth layer and a second transparent wall, and irradiating a second material such that a second section of the nth layer of the part is formed on the platform adjacent to the first section of the nth layer. The method repeats forming first and second sections of additional layer until a predetermined number of total layers are formed. Positioning the first and second sections with a distance between the second and first transparent walls, respectively, inhibits crashing during forming of the part.

Abstract: A thermoset resin for forming parts to be metal plated includes a vat photopolymerization (VPP) thermoset resin and an etchable phase disposed in the VPP thermoset resin. The etchable phase is etched from a surface of a part formed from the VPP thermoset resin such that a plurality of micro-mechanical locking sites is formed on the surface of the part. The etchable phase is at least one of organic particles, organic resins, inorganic particles, and copolymers of the VPP thermoset resin. For example, the etchable phase can be a polybutadiene phase and/or a mineral such as calcium carbonate.

Abstract: A method of forming a part includes 3D printing a photopolymerizable resin and forming a preformed part and subsequently post-curing the preformed part with electron beams. The preformed part may be cured via UV curing. A section of the preformed part post-cured with electron beams may have a thickness of at least 1.0 centimeter, for example, at least 2.0 centimeters or at least 3.0 centimeters. An electron beam dosage to post-cure the preformed part may be between 10 kilogray (kGy) and 100 kGy. The preformed part may be 3D printed using stereolithography (SLA), digital light processing (DLP) or material jetting (MJ) and the photopolymerizable resin may include at least one of an acrylate functional polymer and a methacrylate functional polymer. In the alternative, or in addition to, the photopolymerizable resin may include at least one of a urethane, a polyester, and a polyether.

Abstract: An additive article stabilizing method includes prior to polymerization, adding a radiation-activated stabilizing composition to a liquid resin, forming the article from the liquid resin, layer by layer, using radiation such that the stabilizing composition does not stabilize the liquid resin but the formed article, and neutralizing free radicals generated during a degradation process initiated by exposure of the article to additional radiation post-cure.

Abstract: An engine component includes stratified layers that form an integral cylinder head and an internally cooled valve guide located in a cylinder head guide boss. The integral cylinder head further includes a coolant passage within a body of the valve guide that is in fluid communication with a cylinder head cooling jacket.

Abstract: An additive manufacturing method. The method includes mixing a reflective material including fibers with a photopolymer resin to form a resin mixture having a loading of the reflective material of at least 3 wt. %. The method further includes curing the resin mixture using a light source to form first and second individually cured layers and a bridge of a portion of the fibers between the two layers.

Abstract: An additive manufacturing method. The method includes mixing a reflective material including fibers with a photopolymer resin to form a resin mixture having a loading of the reflective material of at least 3 wt. %. The method further includes curing the resin mixture using a light source to form first and second individually cured layers and a bridge of a portion of the fibers between the two layers.

Abstract: Articles, methods of making an article, and resin compositions are disclosed. An article is disclosed that includes a cured light-curable resin having dispersed therein a reflective material that reflects at least 85% of the visible light spectrum. A loading of reflective material may be at least 3 wt. % of the article and the reflective material may comprise over 50 vol. % of a total filler composition of the article. The reflective material may be a white or near-white material, such as cellulose fibers, talc powder, or soy flour. A method is disclosed that includes mixing a reflective material that reflects at least 85% of the visible light spectrum with a photopolymer resin at a loading of at least 3 wt. % to form a resin mixture and curing the resin mixture using a light source in an additive manufacturing process. The disclosed resins may reduce the curing time of additive manufacturing processes.

Abstract: A bio-based polyol-containing polymer foam material, which includes a bio-based polyol-containing polymer foam present in a bulk concentration of the bio-based polymer foam material of 99% by weight or greater; and a graphite material present in a bulk concentration of the bio-based polyol-containing polymer foam material of 1% by weight or less. The bio-based polyol-containing polymer foam material is especially suitable for automotive components having deadening and vibration management features.

Abstract: A method of forming a natural fiber polymer composite includes the steps of introducing into an extruder a polymer, a natural fiber and a supercritical fluid to form a natural fiber polymer mixture; and extruding the natural fiber polymer mixture to form the natural fiber polymer composite at a temperature below a standard melting temperature of the polymer alone. The supercritical fluid may be introduced after the polymer is introduced into the extruder. The supercritical fluid may be introduced before or after the natural fiber is introduced into the extruder.

Abstract: A method of forming a natural fiber polymer composite article includes the steps of introducing into an extruder a polymer, a natural fiber and a supercritical fluid to form a natural fiber polymer mixture; extruding the natural fiber polymer mixture to form a well-dispersed natural fiber polymer composite; and injecting the natural fiber polymer composite into a mold to form an article. The supercritical fluid may be introduced after the polymer is introduced into the extruder or injection molding machine. The supercritical fluid may be introduced before or after the natural fiber is introduced into the extruder or injection molding machine.

Abstract: A method of forming a natural fiber polymer composite includes the steps of introducing into an extruder a polymer, a natural fiber and a supercritical fluid to form a natural fiber polymer mixture; and extruding the natural fiber polymer mixture to form the natural fiber polymer composite at a temperature below a standard melting temperature of the polymer alone. The supercritical fluid may be introduced after the polymer is introduced into the extruder. The supercritical fluid may be introduced before or after the natural fiber is introduced into the extruder.