Abstract: Dipole engineering techniques are disclosed that incorporate dipole dopant and/or nitrogen into gate dielectrics (e.g., high-k dielectric layers thereof) to realize multi-threshold voltage transistor tuning of transistors. The dipole engineering techniques include (1) forming a dipole dopant source layer over gate dielectrics of some transistors, but not other transistors, (2) forming a mask over gate dielectrics of some transistors, but not other transistors, (3) performing a nitrogen-containing thermal drive-in process, and (4) removing the dipole dopant source layer and the mask after the nitrogen-containing thermal drive-in process. The nitrogen-containing thermal drive-in process diffuses nitrogen and dipole dopant (n-dipole dopant and/or p-dipole dopant) into unmasked gate dielectrics having the dipole dopant source layer formed thereon, nitrogen into unmasked gate dielectrics, and dipole dopant into masked gate dielectrics having the dipole dopant source layer formed thereon.

Abstract: Dipole engineering techniques are disclosed that incorporate dipole dopant and/or nitrogen into gate dielectrics (e.g., high-k dielectric layers thereof) to realize multi-threshold voltage transistor tuning of transistors. The dipole engineering techniques include (1) forming a dipole dopant source layer over gate dielectrics of some transistors, but not other transistors, (2) forming a mask over gate dielectrics of some transistors, but not other transistors, (3) performing a nitrogen-containing thermal drive-in process, and (4) removing the dipole dopant source layer and the mask after the nitrogen-containing thermal drive-in process. The nitrogen-containing thermal drive-in process diffuses nitrogen and dipole dopant (n-dipole dopant and/or p-dipole dopant) into unmasked gate dielectrics having the dipole dopant source layer formed thereon, nitrogen into unmasked gate dielectrics, and dipole dopant into masked gate dielectrics having the dipole dopant source layer formed thereon.

Abstract: A gas sensing device includes a substrate, a conductive unit, and a sensing layer. The conductive unit is disposed on the substrate, and includes two electrodes. The sensing layer is disposed on the conductive unit, and is electrically connected with the electrodes. The sensing layer adapted to absorb carbon dioxide includes polyethyleneimine and polyethylene glycol. A detecting system including a testing device, an analyzing device and the aforementioned gas sensing device is also disclosed. The gas sensing device is detachably mounted to and is electrically connected to the testing device. Electrical property of the gas sensing device 100 changes when the gas sensing device 100 absorbs carbon dioxide.

Abstract: Dipole engineering techniques are disclosed that incorporate dipole dopant and/or nitrogen into gate dielectrics (e.g., high-k dielectric layers thereof) to realize multi-threshold voltage transistor tuning of transistors. The dipole engineering techniques include (1) forming a dipole dopant source layer over gate dielectrics of some transistors, but not other transistors, (2) forming a mask over gate dielectrics of some transistors, but not other transistors, (3) performing a nitrogen-containing thermal drive-in process, and (4) removing the dipole dopant source layer and the mask after the nitrogen-containing thermal drive-in process. The nitrogen-containing thermal drive-in process diffuses nitrogen and dipole dopant (n-dipole dopant and/or p-dipole dopant) into unmasked gate dielectrics having the dipole dopant source layer formed thereon, nitrogen into unmasked gate dielectrics, and dipole dopant into masked gate dielectrics having the dipole dopant source layer formed thereon.

Abstract: A gas sensing device includes a substrate, a conductive unit, and a sensing layer. The conductive unit is disposed on the substrate, and includes two electrodes. The sensing layer is disposed on the conductive unit, and is electrically connected with the electrodes. The sensing layer adapted to absorb carbon dioxide includes polyethyleneimine and polyethylene glycol. A detecting system including a testing device, an analyzing device and the aforementioned gas sensing device is also disclosed. The gas sensing device is detachably mounted to and is electrically connected to the testing device. Electrical property of the gas sensing device 100 changes when the gas sensing device 100 absorbs carbon dioxide.

Abstract: A single-handed operation assisting device for a handheld device includes a fixing part for securing a handheld device by clamping, suction, adhesion, or enclosing. In addition, an integrally formed, foldable, or detachable finger straddle part is provided at one side of the fixing part to be straddled between any two fingers, excluding the thumb, of one of the user's hands while the four fingers of the same hand extend downward to support the back of the handheld device so that the handheld device can be held firmly and single-handedly without slipping. As the handheld device is supported at a position adjacent to one of its edges, the user's thumb can reach a farther portion or the lower inner end of the screen with respect to where the handheld device is held, thereby achieving ease of full-screen touch control.

Abstract: A communication device is provided in the present invention. The communication device comprises an oscillation signal source, a tunable capacitor array, a frame counter; and a control module. The control module is configured to jointly or separately control the tunable capacitor array and the frame counter to compensate a first frequency offset of the oscillation signal source when the communication device operates in a first mode, and to jointly or separately control the tunable capacitor array and the frame counter to compensate a second frequency offset of the oscillation signal source when the communication device operates in a second mode.

Abstract: The present invention is about a method of producing testosterone formulation and the testosterone formulation produced thereby. The method of this invention comprises dissolving testosterone propionate and dibucaine HCl in alcohol, adding particular percentages of polyethylene glycol 400 and polyethylene glycol 4000, and cooling under particular speed to produce the testosterone formulation which has the advantages of moderate viscosity, easy to use and excellent particle consistency.

Abstract: A phase locked loop and an associated alignment method are provided. A disclosed phase locked loop receives a reference signal to provide a feedback signal. The phase locked loop is first opened. When the phase locked loop is open, a frequency range of an oscillating signal from a voltage-controlled oscillator is substantially selected. The feedback signal is provided according to the oscillation signal. After the frequency range is selected, the phase locked loop is kept open and the phases of the reference signal and the feedback signal are substantially aligned. The phase locked loop is then closed after the reference signal and the feedback signal are aligned.

Abstract: A communication device is provided in the present invention. The communication device comprises an oscillation signal source, a tunable capacitor array, a frame counter; and a control module. The control module is configured to jointly or separately control the tunable capacitor array and the frame counter to compensate a first frequency offset of the oscillation signal source when the communication device operates in a first mode, and to jointly or separately control the tunable capacitor array and the frame counter to compensate a second frequency offset of the oscillation signal source when the communication device operates in a second mode.

Abstract: A method of operating one or more back end circuits of a plasma processing system, comprising: prior to a front end module receiving one or more wafers to be processed, receiving preliminary data at a back end circuit, wherein the preliminary data indicates a recipe and a predetermined number, the predetermined number indicating a number of wafers to be processed; determining whether a plasma processing chamber is ready for processing; and if the chamber is ready for processing and via the back end circuit, selecting a load lock, based on the predetermined number, instructing the front end module to pull the one or more wafers into the load lock, enabling the chamber to process a first wafer of the one or more wafers according to the recipe, and subsequent to the processing of the first wafer, instructing the front end module to remove the first wafer from the chamber.

Abstract: A phase locked loop and an associated alignment method are provided. A disclosed phase locked loop receives a reference signal to provide a feedback signal. The phase locked loop is first opened. When the phase locked loop is open, a frequency range of an oscillating signal from a voltage-controlled oscillator is substantially selected. The feedback signal is provided according to the oscillation signal. After the frequency range is selected, the phase locked loop is kept open and the phases of the reference signal and the feedback signal are substantially aligned. The phase locked loop is then closed after the reference signal and the feedback signal are aligned.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus for controlling a plasma processing system in a purely pull mode or a hybrid pull mode. In the purely pull mode, the back end assumes master control at least for requesting and scheduling loading of production wafers. In the hybrid pull mode, the back end assumes master control at least for tool maintenance/cleaning while the front end retains master control for production wafers.

Abstract: A lighting device includes: at least one lighting module including a lead frame and a plurality of light emitting diodes packaged on the lead frame; an upper plate disposed on the lead frame, and having at least one perforated region formed with a plurality of through-holes for extension of the light emitting diodes therethrough, and at least two conductor regions respectively provided on two sides of the perforated region, the conductor regions being connected electrically to the lead frame; a heat sink disposed below the lead frame; and a plurality of fasteners fastening the lighting module to the upper plate and the heat sink such that the heat sink is in tight contact with bottom ends of the light emitting diodes.

Abstract: Disclosed is a data reading module for reading an optical disc with data regions and undesired regions, wherein at least one of the undesired regions is located between the data regions. The data reading module includes: a decoder arranged to decode the optical disc to generate decoded data; a data transferring device arranged to transfer the decoded data; and a controller arranged to control the decoder according to a recorded map indicating the locations of the data regions and the undesired regions; wherein the controller controls the decoder to skip the undesired regions and does not decode the undesired regions while decoding the optical disc.

Abstract: A lighting device includes: at least one lighting module including a lead frame and a plurality of light emitting diodes packaged on the lead frame; an upper plate disposed on the lead frame, and having at least one perforated region formed with a plurality of through-holes for extension of the light emitting diodes therethrough, and at least two conductor regions respectively provided on two sides of the perforated region, the conductor regions being connected electrically to the lead frame; a heat sink disposed below the lead frame; and a plurality of fasteners fastening the lighting module to the upper plate and the heat sink such that the heat sink is in tight contact with bottom ends of the light emitting diodes.

Abstract: Disclosed is a data reading module for reading an optical disc with data regions and undesired regions, wherein at least one of the undesired regions is located between the data regions. The data reading module includes: a decoder arranged to decode the optical disc to generate decoded data; a data transferring device arranged to transfer the decoded data; and a controller arranged to control the decoder according to a recorded map indicating the locations of the data regions and the undesired regions; wherein the controller controls the decoder to skip the undesired regions and does not decode the undesired regions while decoding the optical disc.

Abstract: A method utilized in an electrical system is proposed. The electrical system includes a device, a host comprising a storage medium, and an interface interconnecting the device and the host. In an example of the proposed method, the device sends a buffer create request to the host. In response to the buffer create request, the host allocates a segment of the storage medium to the device. The device then utilizes the segment as an external buffer.

Abstract: A method for detecting a type of a non-volatile memory. The method includes issuing one of a sequence of reading identification commands to detect the type of the non-volatile memory; obtaining a response data from the non-volatile memory; judging whether the response data matches any type of a plurality of types of non-volatile memory; utilizing another reading identification command of the sequence of reading identification commands to detect the type of the non-volatile memory when the response data does not match any type of the plurality of types of non-volatile memory; and determining the type of the non-volatile memory according to the response data when the response data match one type of the plurality of types of non-volatile memory.

Abstract: An optical storage apparatus for reproducing data from an optical medium is disclosed. The optical storage apparatus includes a rotation unit for rotating the optical medium at a rotational speed; a buffer memory for buffering data to be transmitted to a host; a data accessing unit, coupled to the buffer memory, for accessing data on the optical medium and storing data read from the optical medium into the buffer memory; and a buffer control block, coupled to the buffer memory, for monitoring a storage status of the buffer memory to control the rotation unit to adjust the rotational speed of the optical medium.